Abstract：
Healthcare workers are people who work in health activities, whether or not they have direct contact with citizens. Currently, around 1.3 million people (70% women) work in healthcare activities in Spain. This represents around 10% of the active population, having increased by 33% since 2008, especially the number of women, which has doubled. Healthcare organizations, especially hospitals, are extremely complex workplaces, with precarious working and employment conditions, especially in more hierarchical occupations, exposing healthcare workers to numerous occupational hazards, mainly from ergonomic and psychosocial conditions. These causes frequent musculoskeletal and mental disorders, highlighting burnout, which is estimated at 40% in some services such as intensive care units. This high morbidity is reflected in a high frequency of absences due to illness, around 9% after the pandemic. The pandemic, and its consequences in the last three years, has put extreme pressure on the health system and has clearly shown its deficiencies in relation to working and employment conditions. The hundreds of occupational health professionals, technicians and healthcare workers, who are part of the structures of health organizations, constitute very valuable resources to increase the resilience of the NHS. We recommend the strengthening in resources and institutionally of the occupational health services of health centers and the creation of an Observatory of working, employment and health conditions in the National Health Service, as an instrument for monitoring changes and proposing solutions.
摘要：
医护人员是从事健康活动的人，无论他们是否与公民有直接联系。目前,在西班牙，约有130万人（70％为女性）从事医疗保健活动。这代表了大约10%的活跃人口，自2008年以来增长了33%，尤其是女性人数，已经翻了一番。医疗保健组织,尤其是医院,是极其复杂的工作场所，工作和就业条件不稳定，尤其是在等级更高的职业中，使医护人员暴露于许多职业危害，主要来自人体工程学和社会心理状况。这些会导致常见的肌肉骨骼和精神障碍，突出倦怠，在重症监护病房等一些服务中，这一比例估计为40%。这种高发病率反映在因病缺勤的频率很高,大流行后约9%。大流行，以及它在过去三年中的后果，对卫生系统施加了极大的压力，并清楚地表明了其在工作和就业条件方面的缺陷。数百名职业卫生专业人员，技术人员和医护人员，他们是卫生组织结构的一部分，构成了非常宝贵的资源，以增加NHS的弹性。我们建议在资源和体制上加强卫生中心的职业卫生服务，并建立一个观察站，国家卫生服务的就业和健康状况，作为监测变化和提出解决方案的工具。
