Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate bilateral axial length (AL) growth patterns and interactions of myopic eyes in anisometropic children during unilateral orthokeratology (OK) treatment in their singularly myopic eyes (Eyes1), followed by bilateral treatment when their second eyes (Eyes2) developed myopia.
METHODS: This study enrolled 94 eyes from 47 anisometropes (20 males). All patients had undergone monocular OK treatment for > 1 year followed by binocular treatment for > 1 year. Axial growth of Eyes1 and Eyes2 during the first year of monocular treatment (Stage 1), average annual axial elongation during the monocular treatment period, and axial elongation during the first year of binocular treatment (Stage 2) were respectively termed: S1E1 and S1E2, Annual E1 and Annual E2, and S2E1 and S2E2. Associations between AL growth and age, sex, interval time, and ocular parameters were analysed using correlation and generalised estimating equation (GEE) analysis.
RESULTS: During the monocular period, Eyes1 showed less AL growth (S1E1: 0.05 ± 0.18 mm; Annual E1: 0.05 ± 0.21 mm) than Eyes2 (S1E2: 0.51 ± 0.24 mm; Annual E2: 0.52 ± 0.25 mm) (all p < 0.001). During the binocular period, there was no significant difference between S2E1 and S2E2(0.21 ± 0.14 mm v. 0.19 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.951). Between monocular and binocular periods, Eyes1 had significantly higher S2E1 compared to S1E1 and Annual E1 (both p < 0.001), and Eyes2 had significantly lower S2E2 than S1E2 and Annual E2 (both p < 0.001). In the GEE model, spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and between periods interval time showed independently significant associations with AL growth after adjusting for age and sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthokeratology can significantly control AL growth in unilateral myopia. AL growth of the initial myopic OK-treated eyes accelerated relative to the monocular period when contralateral eyes developed myopia and assumed OK treatment. During the binocular treatment phase, OK lenses showed moderate and comparable effects on AL retardation across both eyes.
METHODS: This study enrolled 94 eyes from 47 anisometropes (20 males). All patients had undergone monocular OK treatment for > 1 year followed by binocular treatment for > 1 year. Axial growth of Eyes1 and Eyes2 during the first year of monocular treatment (Stage 1), average annual axial elongation during the monocular treatment period, and axial elongation during the first year of binocular treatment (Stage 2) were respectively termed: S1E1 and S1E2, Annual E1 and Annual E2, and S2E1 and S2E2. Associations between AL growth and age, sex, interval time, and ocular parameters were analysed using correlation and generalised estimating equation (GEE) analysis.
RESULTS: During the monocular period, Eyes1 showed less AL growth (S1E1: 0.05 ± 0.18 mm; Annual E1: 0.05 ± 0.21 mm) than Eyes2 (S1E2: 0.51 ± 0.24 mm; Annual E2: 0.52 ± 0.25 mm) (all p < 0.001). During the binocular period, there was no significant difference between S2E1 and S2E2(0.21 ± 0.14 mm v. 0.19 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.951). Between monocular and binocular periods, Eyes1 had significantly higher S2E1 compared to S1E1 and Annual E1 (both p < 0.001), and Eyes2 had significantly lower S2E2 than S1E2 and Annual E2 (both p < 0.001). In the GEE model, spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and between periods interval time showed independently significant associations with AL growth after adjusting for age and sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthokeratology can significantly control AL growth in unilateral myopia. AL growth of the initial myopic OK-treated eyes accelerated relative to the monocular period when contralateral eyes developed myopia and assumed OK treatment. During the binocular treatment phase, OK lenses showed moderate and comparable effects on AL retardation across both eyes.
摘要：
目的：研究单侧角膜塑形术（OK）治疗对单眼（Eyes1）的屈光参差儿童的双侧眼轴长度（AL）的生长模式和相互作用，当他们的第二只眼睛（Eyes2）出现近视时，进行双侧治疗。
方法：本研究纳入了来自47只屈光参差（20只男性）的94只眼。所有患者均接受单眼OK治疗>1年，然后进行双眼治疗>1年。在单眼治疗的第一年（第1阶段）中，Eyes1和Eyes2的轴向生长，单眼治疗期间的平均年轴向伸长，双眼治疗第一年（第2阶段）的轴向伸长分别称为：S1E1和S1E2，年度E1和年度E2以及S2E1和S2E2。AL生长和年龄之间的关联，性别,间隔时间,使用相关性和广义估计方程(GEE)分析和眼部参数。
结果：在单眼期间，Eyes1的AL生长（S1E1：0.05±0.18毫米；年E1：0.05±0.21毫米）比Eyes2（S1E2：0.51±0.24毫米；年E2：0.52±0.25毫米）（均p<0.001）。在双眼期间，S2E1和S2E2之间没有显着差异（0.21±0.14mmv.0.19±0.17mm，p=0.951)。在单眼和双目时期之间，眼1的S2E1显著高于S1E1和年E1（均p<0.001），和Eyes2的S2E2显著低于S1E2和年度E2(均p<0.001)。在GEE模型中，校正年龄和性别后，球面等效屈光度（SER）和间隔时间与AL生长独立显着相关。
结论：角膜塑形术可以显著控制单侧近视的AL生长。当对侧眼睛发生近视并接受OK治疗时，初始近视OK治疗的眼睛的AL生长相对于单眼期加速。在双眼治疗阶段，OK镜片对两只眼睛的AL延迟显示出中等和相当的影响。
方法：本研究纳入了来自47只屈光参差（20只男性）的94只眼。所有患者均接受单眼OK治疗>1年，然后进行双眼治疗>1年。在单眼治疗的第一年（第1阶段）中，Eyes1和Eyes2的轴向生长，单眼治疗期间的平均年轴向伸长，双眼治疗第一年（第2阶段）的轴向伸长分别称为：S1E1和S1E2，年度E1和年度E2以及S2E1和S2E2。AL生长和年龄之间的关联，性别,间隔时间,使用相关性和广义估计方程(GEE)分析和眼部参数。
结果：在单眼期间，Eyes1的AL生长（S1E1：0.05±0.18毫米；年E1：0.05±0.21毫米）比Eyes2（S1E2：0.51±0.24毫米；年E2：0.52±0.25毫米）（均p<0.001）。在双眼期间，S2E1和S2E2之间没有显着差异（0.21±0.14mmv.0.19±0.17mm，p=0.951)。在单眼和双目时期之间，眼1的S2E1显著高于S1E1和年E1（均p<0.001），和Eyes2的S2E2显著低于S1E2和年度E2(均p<0.001)。在GEE模型中，校正年龄和性别后，球面等效屈光度（SER）和间隔时间与AL生长独立显着相关。
结论：角膜塑形术可以显著控制单侧近视的AL生长。当对侧眼睛发生近视并接受OK治疗时，初始近视OK治疗的眼睛的AL生长相对于单眼期加速。在双眼治疗阶段，OK镜片对两只眼睛的AL延迟显示出中等和相当的影响。
