Abstract：
Methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MION) represents a critical public health issue, particularly prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations and regions with restricted alcohol access. MION, characterized by irreversible visual impairment, arises from the toxic metabolization of methanol into formaldehyde and formic acid, leading to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, oxidative stress, and subsequent neurotoxicity. The pathogenesis involves axonal and glial cell degeneration within the optic nerve and potential retinal damage. Despite advancements in therapeutic interventions, a significant proportion of affected individuals endure persistent visual sequelae. The study comprehensively investigates the pathophysiology of MION, encompassing the absorption and metabolism of methanol, subsequent systemic effects, and ocular impacts. Histopathological changes, including alterations in retinal layers and proteins, Müller cell dysfunction, and visual symptoms, are meticulously examined to provide insights into the disease mechanism. Furthermore, preventive measures and public health perspectives are discussed to highlight the importance of awareness and intervention strategies. Therapeutic approaches, such as decontamination procedures, ethanol and fomepizole administration, hemodialysis, intravenous fluids, electrolyte balance management, nutritional therapy, corticosteroid therapy, and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment, are evaluated for their efficacy in managing MION. This comprehensive review underscores the need for increased awareness, improved diagnostic strategies, and more effective treatments to mitigate the impact of MION on global health.
摘要：
甲醇诱发的视神经病变（MION）是一个关键的公共卫生问题，在社会经济水平较低的人群和酒精摄入受限的地区尤为普遍。MION,以不可逆的视力障碍为特征，产生于甲醇的毒性代谢为甲醛和甲酸，导致线粒体氧化磷酸化抑制，氧化应激，以及随后的神经毒性。发病机制涉及视神经内的轴突和神经胶质细胞变性以及潜在的视网膜损伤。尽管治疗干预措施取得了进展，相当比例的受影响个体忍受持续的视觉后遗症。本研究全面调查了MION的病理生理学，包括甲醇的吸收和代谢，随后的系统性影响，和眼部撞击。组织病理学改变,包括视网膜层和蛋白质的改变，穆勒细胞功能障碍,和视觉症状，经过精心检查，以提供对疾病机制的见解。此外，讨论了预防措施和公共卫生观点，以强调意识和干预策略的重要性。治疗方法，如净化程序，乙醇和fomepizole给药，血液透析,静脉输液,电解质平衡管理，营养治疗,皮质类固醇治疗,促红细胞生成素（EPO）治疗，评估它们在管理MION方面的功效。这一全面审查强调需要提高认识，改进的诊断策略，以及更有效的治疗方法，以减轻MION对全球健康的影响。
