Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The medial sural artery (MSA) perforator flap is a versatile free flap. However, the cutaneous perforators are not well characterized. The objectives of this pilot anatomical study were to: (1) visualize in three-dimensions, as in-situ, the origin, course, and distribution of the cutaneous perforators, (2) characterize the number and frequency of the perforators, and (3) quantify mean pedicle length.
METHODS: Thirteen cadaveric specimens were dissected, digitized, and modeled in 3D. Three-dimensional models and dissection photographs were used to determine the origin, course, number, distribution, and pedicle length of MSA perforators.
RESULTS: The most common pattern consisted of three perforators (39% of specimens). The maximum number of perforators identified was four (23%). The majority of specimens (92%) had a cutaneous perforator originating from the lateral branch of the MSA and coursed most frequently in the second (43%) and third (37%) quartiles of the length of the tibia. Mean pedicle length was 19.1 ± 6.9 cm. Perforators originating from the medial branch of the MSA were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter than those from the lateral branch and were found to course only in the first quartile.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D models constructed in this study provide a comprehensive overview of the location and course of the perforators, enabling measurement of parameters in 3D-space. Anatomical characterization of the MSA perforator flap using 3D analysis can assist reconstructive surgeons in understanding the relevant anatomy and optimizing the surgical technique for flap harvest.
METHODS: N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.
METHODS: Thirteen cadaveric specimens were dissected, digitized, and modeled in 3D. Three-dimensional models and dissection photographs were used to determine the origin, course, number, distribution, and pedicle length of MSA perforators.
RESULTS: The most common pattern consisted of three perforators (39% of specimens). The maximum number of perforators identified was four (23%). The majority of specimens (92%) had a cutaneous perforator originating from the lateral branch of the MSA and coursed most frequently in the second (43%) and third (37%) quartiles of the length of the tibia. Mean pedicle length was 19.1 ± 6.9 cm. Perforators originating from the medial branch of the MSA were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter than those from the lateral branch and were found to course only in the first quartile.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D models constructed in this study provide a comprehensive overview of the location and course of the perforators, enabling measurement of parameters in 3D-space. Anatomical characterization of the MSA perforator flap using 3D analysis can assist reconstructive surgeons in understanding the relevant anatomy and optimizing the surgical technique for flap harvest.
METHODS: N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.
摘要：
目的：腓肠内侧动脉（MSA）穿支皮瓣是一种多功能游离皮瓣。然而,皮肤穿孔器没有很好的特征。这项飞行员解剖学研究的目的是：（1）三维可视化，作为原位，起源,当然,和皮肤穿孔器的分布，(2)表征射孔器的数量和频率，和(3)量化平均椎弓根长度。
方法：解剖了13个尸体标本，数字化,并在3D中建模。三维模型和解剖照片被用来确定起源，当然,number,分布，MSA穿孔器的椎弓根长度。
结果：最常见的模式由三个穿孔器组成（占标本的39％）。确定的穿孔器的最大数量为四个（23％）。大多数标本（92％）的皮肤穿孔器起源于MSA的外侧分支，并且在胫骨长度的第二（43％）和第三（37％）四分位数中最常见。平均椎弓根长度为19.1±6.9cm。源自MSA内侧分支的穿孔器明显短于（p<0.05）外侧分支的穿孔器，并且仅在第一四分位数中出现。
结论：本研究中构建的3D模型提供了射孔器位置和路线的全面概述，能够在三维空间中测量参数。使用3D分析对MSA穿支皮瓣进行解剖表征可以帮助重建外科医生了解相关解剖结构并优化皮瓣收获的手术技术。
方法：N/A喉镜，2024.
方法：解剖了13个尸体标本，数字化,并在3D中建模。三维模型和解剖照片被用来确定起源，当然,number,分布，MSA穿孔器的椎弓根长度。
结果：最常见的模式由三个穿孔器组成（占标本的39％）。确定的穿孔器的最大数量为四个（23％）。大多数标本（92％）的皮肤穿孔器起源于MSA的外侧分支，并且在胫骨长度的第二（43％）和第三（37％）四分位数中最常见。平均椎弓根长度为19.1±6.9cm。源自MSA内侧分支的穿孔器明显短于（p<0.05）外侧分支的穿孔器，并且仅在第一四分位数中出现。
结论：本研究中构建的3D模型提供了射孔器位置和路线的全面概述，能够在三维空间中测量参数。使用3D分析对MSA穿支皮瓣进行解剖表征可以帮助重建外科医生了解相关解剖结构并优化皮瓣收获的手术技术。
方法：N/A喉镜，2024.
