Abstract：
Energy restriction (ER) is a nutrition method to reduce the amount of energy intake while maintaining adequate nutrition. In clinical medicine, applications of ER have been implicated in longevity, mortality, metabolic, immune, and psychological health. However, there are limited studies showing the clinical benefit of ER within the immediate surgical setting. A specific, clinically oriented summary of the potential applications of ER is needed to optimize surgery outcomes for patients. The purpose of this article is to examine how ER can be used for perioperative optimization to improve outcomes for the patient and surgeon. It will also explore how these outcomes can feasibly fit in with enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and can be used as a method for nutrition optimization in surgery. Despite evidence of caloric restriction improving outcomes in critically ill surgical patients, there is not enough evidence to conclude that ER, perioperatively across noncritically ill cohorts, improves postoperative morbidity and mortality in elective surgeries. Nevertheless, a contemporary account of how ER techniques may have a significant role in reducing risk factors of adverse surgical outcomes in this cohort, for example, by encouraging preoperative weight loss contributing to decreased operating times, is reviewed.
摘要：
能量限制（ER）是一种营养方法，用于减少能量摄入量，同时保持足够的营养。在临床医学中,ER的应用与长寿有关，死亡率,新陈代谢，免疫，和心理健康。然而,有有限的研究显示ER在即时手术中的临床获益.一个具体的，需要以临床为导向总结ER的潜在应用,以优化患者的手术结局.本文的目的是研究如何将ER用于围手术期优化，以改善患者和外科医生的预后。它还将探索这些结果如何能够与手术方案后增强的恢复相适应，并可用作手术中营养优化的方法。尽管有证据表明热量限制可改善危重手术患者的预后，没有足够的证据证明急诊室,非危重患者队列的围手术期，改善择期手术的术后发病率和死亡率。然而，关于ER技术如何在减少该队列中不良手术结局的风险因素方面发挥重要作用的当代说明,例如,通过鼓励术前体重减轻有助于减少手术时间，已审查。
