Abstract：
Stormwater ponds are increasingly becoming a dominant pond type in cities experiencing urban sprawl. These human-made ponds are designed primarily to control flooding issues associated with increased impervious surface in cities and serve to retain sediment and contaminants before flowing to urban downstream waterways. Along with these important functions, constructed ponds including stormwater ponds may be critical in urban freshwater conservation because they often represent some of the few remaining lentic environments (still water; e.g. ponds, wetlands, lakes) in many cities. We currently lack a clear understanding of the role that stormwater ponds play in serving as habitat for freshwater biodiversity. Here, we examined whether stormwater ponds support freshwater biodiversity in cities by reviewing the empirical literature on biotic community responses in urban stormwater ponds across a range of taxonomic groups. We conducted a meta-analysis on empirical papers that quantitatively examined differences in taxonomic richness between stormwater ponds and reference ponds (n = 11 papers, 22 effects). We also examined a broader set of 58 papers to qualitatively synthesize studies on stormwater pond communities and assess various indicators of habitat quality in stormwater ponds. In the studies examined, heterogeneity exists in the habitat quality of stormwater ponds and increased pollutant loads are often reported. However, the results highlight that stormwater ponds tend to contain alpha diversity comparable to reference ponds, and that overall, a range of ecologically important wildlife make use of and inhabit urban stormwater ponds. We find that stormwater ponds can often support communities with broad compositions of taxa, including those that are sensitive or vulnerable to environmental change. We compile recommendations provided within the studies in order to improve our understanding of the management of urban stormwater ponds for biodiversity conservation.
摘要：
在经历城市蔓延的城市中，雨水池越来越成为主要的池塘类型。这些人造池塘的设计主要是为了控制与城市不透水表面增加相关的洪水问题，并在流向城市下游水道之前保留沉积物和污染物。除了这些重要的功能，包括雨水池在内的建造池塘在城市淡水保护中可能至关重要，因为它们通常代表一些剩余的真实环境(静水；例如池塘，湿地,湖泊)在许多城市。目前，我们对雨水池作为淡水生物多样性栖息地的作用缺乏清晰的了解。这里,我们通过回顾一系列分类学组的城市雨水池生物群落响应的经验文献，研究了雨水池是否支持城市的淡水生物多样性。我们对实证论文进行了荟萃分析，定量研究了雨水池和参考池之间分类学丰富度的差异（n=11篇论文，22种影响）。我们还研究了更广泛的58篇论文，以定性地综合有关雨水池群落的研究，并评估雨水池栖息地质量的各种指标。在检查的研究中，雨水池的栖息地质量存在异质性，并且经常报告污染物负荷增加。然而,结果表明，雨水池往往含有与参考池相当的α多样性，总的来说，一系列具有生态重要性的野生动物利用并居住在城市雨水池。我们发现雨水池通常可以支持具有广泛分类群组成的社区，包括那些对环境变化敏感或易受影响的人。我们汇编了研究中提供的建议，以提高我们对城市雨水池管理以保护生物多样性的理解。
