Abstract：
Transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus are usually seen in children younger than 3 years of age and are considered as Salter-Harris Type I epiphysiolysis. Neonatal transphyseal distal humerus injuries are extremely rare. It usually occurs due to trauma during difficult labour but can also be seen after child abuse. Since the distal humerus is composed of cartilaginous tissue in newborns, it is difficult to make a diagnosis with direct radiography. Patients are often diagnosed with elbow dislocation. However, elbow dislocation is almost never seen under the age of 3 years. Transphyseal fractures can be seen as a result of manoeuvres performed to deliver the baby during difficult normal delivery. Transphyseal humeral injuries can also be seen after caesarean section, child abuse and falling on the hyperextended arm. Clinical symptoms include pain, swelling, ecchymosis and crepitation at the elbow. Pseudoparalysis is present due to pain. In children with a history of difficult birth or trauma, evaluation with direct radiography should be performed initially. Radiocapitellar line is distorted on radiographs and the elbow joint appears subluxated. The treatment algorithm for transfusional humeral fractures in neonates is varied. It should be remembered that patients in this age group have a tremendous healing capacity. In conservative treatment, 2-4 weeks of follow-up with a long-arm splint after reduction is sufficient. In addition, closed reduction-internal fixation or open reduction-internal fixation can be applied according to the amount of displacement of the fracture. Cubitus varus, osteonecrosis, growth disturbance, decreased range of motion, compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury and infection are the main complications seen after transfusional humeral fractures.
摘要：
肱骨远端透明骨骨折通常见于3岁以下的儿童，被认为是Salter-HarrisI型表皮松解术。新生儿肱骨远端经锁骨损伤极为罕见。它通常是由于在难产期间的创伤而发生的，但也可以在虐待儿童之后看到。由于新生儿肱骨远端由软骨组织组成，用直接射线照相很难做出诊断。患者常被诊断为肘关节脱位。然而,肘关节脱位在3岁以下几乎从未见过。在困难的正常分娩过程中，为了分娩婴儿而进行的操作可以看到透明骨折。在剖腹产后也可以看到肱骨通伤，虐待儿童并摔倒在过度伸展的手臂上。临床症状包括疼痛，肿胀,肘部瘀斑和起皱。假性麻痹是由于疼痛而存在的。在有分娩困难或外伤史的儿童中，最初应进行直接射线照相评估。射线照相上放射状线扭曲，肘关节出现半脱位。新生儿输血性肱骨骨折的治疗方法多种多样。应该记住，这个年龄段的患者具有巨大的治愈能力。在保守治疗中,复位后用长臂夹板进行2-4周的随访就足够了。此外,根据骨折的移位量，可以采用闭合复位内固定或切开复位内固定。Cubitusvarus,骨坏死,生长扰动，运动范围减小，筋膜室综合征,神经血管损伤和感染是输液性肱骨骨折后的主要并发症。
