Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Toothpastes are widely used to protect oral and teeth health. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of whitening toothpastes.
METHODS: In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste.
CONCLUSIONS: SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.
METHODS: In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste.
CONCLUSIONS: SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.
摘要：
目的：牙膏广泛用于保护口腔和牙齿健康。这项研究旨在检查美白牙膏的细胞毒性和抗菌作用。
方法：在本研究中，根据ISO10993-12：2021标准（0.2g/mL），使用美白和常规牙膏制备提取物。将所制备的提取物以不同稀释度(1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8、1:16和1:32)加入人牙龈成纤维细胞系(HGF-1)中,并进行细胞毒性测试。对变形链球菌进行了牙膏的抗菌分析，金黄色葡萄球菌,和白色念珠菌使用孔板扩散法。使用双向方差分析(ANOVA)和Tukey事后检验(p<0.05)检查细胞活力和微生物分析数据。
结果：组合物中含有十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）的牙膏在统计学上显示出更多的毒性作用（p<0.05）。没有SLS的活性炭牙膏在稀释后显示出超过90%的细胞活力。虽然含有SLS的牙膏的稀释率增加，细胞活力保持在70%以下。研究中使用的所有牙膏都显示出对变形链球菌的抗菌作用，金黄色葡萄球菌，还有白色念珠菌.含有过氧化氢和SLS的牙膏比活性炭产生更多的抗菌作用，蓝色Covarine,微粒，和传统牙膏。
结论：含SLS的牙膏对HGF-1细胞表现出更大的毒性。含有羟基磷灰石的牙膏对HGF-1细胞没有毒性作用。SLS,牙膏中的十二烷基肌氨酸钠和过氧化氢可增加抗菌作用。
方法：在本研究中，根据ISO10993-12：2021标准（0.2g/mL），使用美白和常规牙膏制备提取物。将所制备的提取物以不同稀释度(1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8、1:16和1:32)加入人牙龈成纤维细胞系(HGF-1)中,并进行细胞毒性测试。对变形链球菌进行了牙膏的抗菌分析，金黄色葡萄球菌,和白色念珠菌使用孔板扩散法。使用双向方差分析(ANOVA)和Tukey事后检验(p<0.05)检查细胞活力和微生物分析数据。
结果：组合物中含有十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）的牙膏在统计学上显示出更多的毒性作用（p<0.05）。没有SLS的活性炭牙膏在稀释后显示出超过90%的细胞活力。虽然含有SLS的牙膏的稀释率增加，细胞活力保持在70%以下。研究中使用的所有牙膏都显示出对变形链球菌的抗菌作用，金黄色葡萄球菌，还有白色念珠菌.含有过氧化氢和SLS的牙膏比活性炭产生更多的抗菌作用，蓝色Covarine,微粒，和传统牙膏。
结论：含SLS的牙膏对HGF-1细胞表现出更大的毒性。含有羟基磷灰石的牙膏对HGF-1细胞没有毒性作用。SLS,牙膏中的十二烷基肌氨酸钠和过氧化氢可增加抗菌作用。
