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Abstract：
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Monascus purpureus M-32 fermented soybean meal (MFSM) on growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal metabolome of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four groups of diets were formulated, including control group (30% fish meal and 30% soybean meal [SBM] included in the basal diet) and three experimental groups which MFSM replaced 20% (MFSM20), 40% (MFSM40), and 60% (MFSM60) of SBM in control group, respectively. Results showed that the soluble proteins larger than 49 kDa in MFSM were almost completely degraded. Meanwhile, the crude protein, acid-soluble protein, and amino acid in MFSM were increased. The results of shrimp culture experiment showed that the replacement of SBM with MFSM decreased FCR (P < 0.001) and content of malondialdehyde (P = 0.007) in the experimental groups, and increased weight gain rate (P = 0.006), specific growth rate (P = 0.002), survival rate (P = 0.005), intestinal villus height (P < 0.001), myenteric thickness (P = 0.002), the activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.002), and lysozyme (P = 0.006) in experimental groups, as well as increased content of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (PO43-) in blood and muscle, and enhanced resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The gut microbiota of MFSM groups was significantly different from that of the control group, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased significantly in the MFSM60 group, whereas Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. Compared with the control group, there were significant changes in the levels of several intestinal metabolites in the MFSM60 group, including leukotriene C5, prostaglandin A1, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, carnosine, and itaconic acid. The fermentation of SBM by the strain M. purpureus M-32 has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of SBM, promote the growth of L. vannamei, boost immune response, improve intestinal morphology and microbiota composition, as well as influence intestinal metabolites.
摘要：
本研究旨在评价红曲霉M-32发酵豆粕(MFSM)对生长的影响,豁免权,肠道形态学,肠道微生物群，太平洋白虾(凡纳滨对虾)的肠道代谢组。制定了四组饮食，包括对照组（基础日粮中包含30％鱼粉和30％豆粉[SBM]）和三个实验组，MFSM替换了20％（MFSM20），40%(MFSM40),对照组为SBM的60%(MFSM60)，分别。结果表明，MFSM中大于49kDa的可溶性蛋白质几乎完全降解。同时,粗蛋白，酸溶性蛋白质，MFSM中的氨基酸增加。对虾养殖实验结果表明，用MFSM替代SBM可降低实验组的FCR（P<0.001）和丙二醛含量（P=0.007）。体重增加率增加（P=0.006），比生长率（P=0.002），生存率（P=0.005），肠绒毛高度（P<0.001），肌层厚度（P=0.002），超氧化物歧化酶活性(P=0.002),和溶菌酶（P=0.006）在实验组，以及增加的钙（Ca2+）和磷（PO43-）在血液和肌肉中的含量，并增强了对副溶血性弧菌感染的抵抗力。MFSM组的肠道菌群与对照组有显著差异,在MFSM60组中，放线菌和Verrucomicrobia的丰度显着增加，而变形杆菌和Firmicutes减少。与对照组相比,MFSM60组中几种肠道代谢物的水平有显著变化，包括白三烯C5，前列腺素A1，牛磺鹅去氧胆酸，肌肽,和衣康酸.菌种M-32发酵SBM具有提高SBM营养品质的潜力,促进南美白对虾的生长，增强免疫反应，改善肠道形态和微生物组成，以及影响肠道代谢产物。
