PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background Observational studies link lifestyle factors to diabetes, but confounding limits causal inference. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal effects of major dietary, obesity, smoking, and physical activity exposures on diabetes risk. Methods A two-sample MR framework integrated FinnGen and United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) data. Genetic instruments for diet (fruits, vegetables, cheese), smoking (initiation, intensity, maternal), body mass index (BMI), and physical activity came from various consortia (n=64, 949-632, 802). Associations with diabetes odds were assessed using inverse-variance weighted analysis. Results Fruit and cheese intake and physical activity per standard deviation increase causally reduced diabetes risk in both cohorts. Conversely, smoking initiation, maternal smoking around birth, and BMI per standard deviation increase causally increased diabetes risk in both cohorts. Coffee increased diabetes risk only in FinnGen, whereas smoking intensity increased diabetes risk only in UKB. Conclusion This study provides robust evidence that modifiable lifestyle factors may have causal effects on diabetes risk. Fruit, cheese, and physical activity may protect against diabetes, whereas smoking, maternal smoking, and higher BMI appear to increase risk. Findings support public health interventions targeting diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and healthy weight to combat the global diabetes epidemic.
摘要：
背景观察性研究将生活方式因素与糖尿病联系起来，但是混淆限制了因果推断。本研究采用孟德尔随机化（MR）来调查主要饮食的潜在因果效应，肥胖，吸烟,和身体活动暴露对糖尿病风险的影响。方法双样本MR框架整合FinnGen和英国生物库(UKB)数据。饮食的遗传工具(水果，蔬菜,奶酪)，吸烟(起始，强度,母亲)，体重指数（BMI），和体力活动来自各种联盟（n=64，949-632，802）。使用逆方差加权分析评估与糖尿病几率的关联。结果在两个队列中，水果和奶酪的摄入量以及每标准差的体力活动都会增加降低的糖尿病风险。相反，开始吸烟,母亲在出生时吸烟，和BMI/标准差增加了两个队列中糖尿病风险的因果关系。咖啡仅在FinnGen增加糖尿病风险，而吸烟强度仅在UKB中增加糖尿病风险。结论这项研究提供了有力的证据，表明可改变的生活方式因素可能对糖尿病风险有因果关系。水果,奶酪,身体活动可以预防糖尿病，而吸烟,母亲吸烟,较高的BMI似乎会增加风险。研究结果支持以饮食为目标的公共卫生干预措施，身体活动,戒烟,和健康的体重来对抗全球糖尿病的流行。
