PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Just in Time (JIT) and Lean manufacturing are concepts that originated in the automotive industry and were then adopted by pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies during the 1990s. However, the Covid-19 pandemic and the urgent demand for pharmaceutical treatment challenged JIT and Lean manufacturing processes. Production of Covid-19-related medicines increased, putting pressure on global supply chains and operations. This also hindered the production of medicines using the same or similar materials. Thus, questions are raised concerning JIT and Lean supply chains in the pharmaceutical industry.
UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to explore (1) if material and supply constraints occurred due to the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) how companies were impacted and managed and (3) if changes are required to future proof the JIT supply chain approach for future global events.
UNASSIGNED: A mixed-method cross-sectional survey design was used and focused on material supply, qualification and validation in Irish pharmaceutical manufacturing sites.
UNASSIGNED: Employees working in the Irish pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were recruited using convenience sampling through online advertisement using the social media platform \'LinkedIn\'. Quantitative data was analysed using percentages and qualitative data from free-text responses were used to add context to the quantitative survey questions.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 41 participants were recruited. The results suggested that the pandemic had a negative effect on material availability according to 81% of participants. This translated to delays or stoppage of production activity and was mainly handled by sourcing new materials (70%). To cope with future global crises, 60% of participants recommended more flexibility in future validation processes while 78% of participants acknowledged the importance of validating additional suppliers. A hybrid model of manufacturing and supply chain management was also a preferred approach to exclusive Lean and JIT (42%).
UNASSIGNED: The production of non-Covid-19 medicines was adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, but the pharmaceutical industry in Ireland demonstrated resilience and collaboration in response to these challenges. This study suggests that the JIT and Lean manufacturing model should be adjusted to ensure medicine supply chains are not disrupted during future global events.
UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to explore (1) if material and supply constraints occurred due to the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) how companies were impacted and managed and (3) if changes are required to future proof the JIT supply chain approach for future global events.
UNASSIGNED: A mixed-method cross-sectional survey design was used and focused on material supply, qualification and validation in Irish pharmaceutical manufacturing sites.
UNASSIGNED: Employees working in the Irish pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were recruited using convenience sampling through online advertisement using the social media platform \'LinkedIn\'. Quantitative data was analysed using percentages and qualitative data from free-text responses were used to add context to the quantitative survey questions.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 41 participants were recruited. The results suggested that the pandemic had a negative effect on material availability according to 81% of participants. This translated to delays or stoppage of production activity and was mainly handled by sourcing new materials (70%). To cope with future global crises, 60% of participants recommended more flexibility in future validation processes while 78% of participants acknowledged the importance of validating additional suppliers. A hybrid model of manufacturing and supply chain management was also a preferred approach to exclusive Lean and JIT (42%).
UNASSIGNED: The production of non-Covid-19 medicines was adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, but the pharmaceutical industry in Ireland demonstrated resilience and collaboration in response to these challenges. This study suggests that the JIT and Lean manufacturing model should be adjusted to ensure medicine supply chains are not disrupted during future global events.
摘要：
■准时制（JIT）和精益制造是起源于汽车行业的概念，然后在1990年代被制药和生物制药公司采用。然而,新冠肺炎大流行和对药物治疗的迫切需求挑战了JIT和精益制造工艺。Covid-19相关药物的产量增加，给全球供应链和运营带来压力。这也阻碍了使用相同或类似材料的药物生产。因此，提出了关于制药行业JIT和精益供应链的问题。
■本研究旨在探讨(1)是否由于新冠肺炎大流行而发生了物质和供应限制，（2）公司如何受到影响和管理，以及（3）是否需要进行更改以证明未来全球事件的JIT供应链方法。
■采用了混合方法的横断面调查设计，重点是材料供应，在爱尔兰制药生产基地的资格和验证。
■在爱尔兰制药行业工作的员工是通过社交媒体平台“LinkedIn”通过在线广告进行便利抽样招募的。使用百分比分析了定量数据，并使用了来自自由文本响应的定性数据来为定量调查问题添加上下文。
■共招募了41名参与者。结果表明，根据81%的参与者，大流行对材料的可用性有负面影响。这转化为生产活动的延迟或停止，主要通过采购新材料(70%)来处理。为了应对未来的全球危机，60％的参与者建议在未来的验证过程中具有更大的灵活性，而78％的参与者承认验证其他供应商的重要性。制造和供应链管理的混合模式也是独家精益和JIT的首选方法（42％）。
■非新冠肺炎药物的生产受到新冠肺炎大流行的不利影响，但是爱尔兰的制药业在应对这些挑战时表现出了韧性和协作。这项研究表明，应调整JIT和精益制造模式，以确保在未来的全球事件中不会中断药品供应链。
■本研究旨在探讨(1)是否由于新冠肺炎大流行而发生了物质和供应限制，（2）公司如何受到影响和管理，以及（3）是否需要进行更改以证明未来全球事件的JIT供应链方法。
■采用了混合方法的横断面调查设计，重点是材料供应，在爱尔兰制药生产基地的资格和验证。
■在爱尔兰制药行业工作的员工是通过社交媒体平台“LinkedIn”通过在线广告进行便利抽样招募的。使用百分比分析了定量数据，并使用了来自自由文本响应的定性数据来为定量调查问题添加上下文。
■共招募了41名参与者。结果表明，根据81%的参与者，大流行对材料的可用性有负面影响。这转化为生产活动的延迟或停止，主要通过采购新材料(70%)来处理。为了应对未来的全球危机，60％的参与者建议在未来的验证过程中具有更大的灵活性，而78％的参与者承认验证其他供应商的重要性。制造和供应链管理的混合模式也是独家精益和JIT的首选方法（42％）。
■非新冠肺炎药物的生产受到新冠肺炎大流行的不利影响，但是爱尔兰的制药业在应对这些挑战时表现出了韧性和协作。这项研究表明，应调整JIT和精益制造模式，以确保在未来的全球事件中不会中断药品供应链。
