Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.
METHODS: We conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin-fixed cadavers\' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.
RESULTS: Variations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.
METHODS: We conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin-fixed cadavers\' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.
RESULTS: Variations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.
摘要：
背景：由于臂丛神经的复杂解剖结构及其变异倾向，臂丛神经损伤被认为是最严峻的临床挑战之一，这使得安全的临床干预复杂化。本研究旨在确定臂丛神经变异的患病率和特征类型，并阐明其临床意义。
方法：我们对60具福尔马林固定的上臂尸体进行了细致的解剖，腋下和下颈部来揭示和评估根部，树干,师,绳索,臂丛的分支.一组解剖的医学生注意到了分支的模式，并得到了高级解剖学家的证实。使用数码相机记录并拍摄发现的变化以进行进一步分析。
结果：在60具尸体中的40具发现了臂丛神经的变异，患病率为66.7%。这些变异被分类为根部异常(2.1%)，树干异常(8.5%)，分区异常(2.1%),和脐带异常(4.3%)。值得注意的是,在39具尸体中观察到交通分支异常（83.0％）：14具双侧异常，14左侧有异常，11在右边这些通信分支形成了根和其他段之间的连接，包括树干,绳索,和终末神经，涉及中位数，肌肉皮肤，尺神经.
结论：臂丛神经变异的频率和多样性，特别是在通信分支机构中，在尸体中很重要。必须在诊断过程中仔细考虑这些变化，治疗计划,在锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞和神经转移等手术之前，降低医源性并发症的风险。
方法：我们对60具福尔马林固定的上臂尸体进行了细致的解剖，腋下和下颈部来揭示和评估根部，树干,师,绳索,臂丛的分支.一组解剖的医学生注意到了分支的模式，并得到了高级解剖学家的证实。使用数码相机记录并拍摄发现的变化以进行进一步分析。
结果：在60具尸体中的40具发现了臂丛神经的变异，患病率为66.7%。这些变异被分类为根部异常(2.1%)，树干异常(8.5%)，分区异常(2.1%),和脐带异常(4.3%)。值得注意的是,在39具尸体中观察到交通分支异常（83.0％）：14具双侧异常，14左侧有异常，11在右边这些通信分支形成了根和其他段之间的连接，包括树干,绳索,和终末神经，涉及中位数，肌肉皮肤，尺神经.
结论：臂丛神经变异的频率和多样性，特别是在通信分支机构中，在尸体中很重要。必须在诊断过程中仔细考虑这些变化，治疗计划,在锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞和神经转移等手术之前，降低医源性并发症的风险。
