Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The short external rotator muscles (SERMs) of the hip are composed of six postural muscles that constitute a single functional unit that is aligned to coapt the articular surfaces of the hip joint, providing dynamic stability. This study aims to provide a morphometric evaluation of this unit that could benefice clinical practice. In particular, the implication of the morphology and direction of the hip triceps tendon when performing a posterolateral approach for total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS: A total of 18 cadaveric hips were dissected rigorously. Variations of the origin, course and insertion of all SERMs were recorded and quantified. Measurements were conducted for the following parameters: total muscle lengths, intra-muscular and extra-muscular tendon lengths, muscle sagittal and frontal angles, and femoral neck length. Correlation was searched for between total muscle length and femoral neck length.
RESULTS: Results were as follows: (a) the obturator internus and externus muscles insert quasi perpendicularly on the proximal femur, (b) both gemelli take distal insertion onto the tendon of the obturator internus to form the hip triceps tendon, (c) morphometric data of the studied parameters was reported, and (d) moderate to high correlation with femoral neck length was found for all muscles but the quadratus femoris.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the direction of the hip triceps tendon is always orthogonal to the proximal femur in the frontal plane. Such anatomical reference could be used when performing total hip arthroplasty with the posterolateral approach. Future research is needed to assess whether the easy identification and re-insertion of the hip triceps could reduce leg length discrepancy and offset.
METHODS: A total of 18 cadaveric hips were dissected rigorously. Variations of the origin, course and insertion of all SERMs were recorded and quantified. Measurements were conducted for the following parameters: total muscle lengths, intra-muscular and extra-muscular tendon lengths, muscle sagittal and frontal angles, and femoral neck length. Correlation was searched for between total muscle length and femoral neck length.
RESULTS: Results were as follows: (a) the obturator internus and externus muscles insert quasi perpendicularly on the proximal femur, (b) both gemelli take distal insertion onto the tendon of the obturator internus to form the hip triceps tendon, (c) morphometric data of the studied parameters was reported, and (d) moderate to high correlation with femoral neck length was found for all muscles but the quadratus femoris.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the direction of the hip triceps tendon is always orthogonal to the proximal femur in the frontal plane. Such anatomical reference could be used when performing total hip arthroplasty with the posterolateral approach. Future research is needed to assess whether the easy identification and re-insertion of the hip triceps could reduce leg length discrepancy and offset.
摘要：
目的：髋关节的短的外部旋转肌（SERMs）由六个姿势肌组成，它们构成一个单一的功能单元，该功能单元对齐以接合髋关节的关节面，提供动态稳定性。这项研究旨在提供该单元的形态计量学评估，以使临床实践受益。特别是,后外侧入路行全髋关节置换术时，髋关节三头肌腱的形态和方向的意义。
方法：对18具尸体臀部进行严格解剖。起源的变化，记录和量化所有SERMs的病程和插入.对以下参数进行测量：总肌肉长度，肌内和肌外肌腱长度，肌肉矢状角和额角，和股骨颈长度。搜索总肌肉长度和股骨颈长度之间的相关性。
结果：结果如下：（a）闭孔内和外肌在股骨近端垂直插入，(b)两个gemelli从远端插入闭孔内肌腱以形成髋三头肌腱，(c)报告了所研究参数的形态计量数据，（d）除股方肌以外，所有肌肉均与股骨颈长度具有中等至高度相关性。
结论：我们的结果表明，在额平面中，髋部三头肌腱的方向始终与股骨近端正交。使用后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换术时，可以使用这种解剖学参考。需要进一步的研究来评估是否容易识别和重新插入髋三头肌可以减少腿长差异和偏移。
方法：对18具尸体臀部进行严格解剖。起源的变化，记录和量化所有SERMs的病程和插入.对以下参数进行测量：总肌肉长度，肌内和肌外肌腱长度，肌肉矢状角和额角，和股骨颈长度。搜索总肌肉长度和股骨颈长度之间的相关性。
结果：结果如下：（a）闭孔内和外肌在股骨近端垂直插入，(b)两个gemelli从远端插入闭孔内肌腱以形成髋三头肌腱，(c)报告了所研究参数的形态计量数据，（d）除股方肌以外，所有肌肉均与股骨颈长度具有中等至高度相关性。
结论：我们的结果表明，在额平面中，髋部三头肌腱的方向始终与股骨近端正交。使用后外侧入路进行全髋关节置换术时，可以使用这种解剖学参考。需要进一步的研究来评估是否容易识别和重新插入髋三头肌可以减少腿长差异和偏移。
