Abstract：
Astaxanthin, a ketone carotenoid known for its high antioxidant activity, holds significant potential for application in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetics. The increasing market demand necessitates a higher production of astaxanthin using Phaffia rhodozyma. Despite extensive research efforts focused on optimizing fermentation conditions, employing mutagenesis treatments, and utilizing genetic engineering technologies to enhance astaxanthin yield in P. rhodozyma, progress in this area remains limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of rough metabolic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and preliminary strategies for enhancing astaxanthin yield. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate and essential metabolic regulation mechanism underlying astaxanthin synthesis. Specifically, the specific functions of key genes, such as crtYB, crtS, and crtI, need to be explored in detail. Additionally, a thorough understanding of the action mechanism of bifunctional enzymes and alternative splicing products is imperative. Lastly, the regulation of metabolic flux must be thoroughly investigated to reveal the complete pathway of astaxanthin synthesis. To obtain an in-depth mechanism and improve the yield of astaxanthin, this review proposes some frontier methods, including: omics, genome editing, protein structure-activity analysis, and synthetic biology. Moreover, it further elucidates the feasibility of new strategies using these advanced methods in various effectively combined ways to resolve these problems mentioned above. This review provides theory and method for studying the metabolic pathway of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma and the industrial improvement of astaxanthin, and provides new insights into the flexible combined use of multiple modern advanced biotechnologies.
摘要：
虾青素,一种以其高抗氧化活性而闻名的酮类胡萝卜素，在营养食品中具有巨大的应用潜力，水产养殖,和化妆品。不断增长的市场需求需要使用红法夫酵母生产更高的虾青素。尽管广泛的研究工作集中在优化发酵条件，采用诱变处理，利用基因工程技术提高P.rhodozyma的虾青素产量，这方面的进展仍然有限。这篇综述全面总结了目前对粗糙代谢途径的理解，监管机制,以及提高虾青素产量的初步策略。然而,需要进一步研究才能充分理解虾青素合成的复杂和基本的代谢调节机制。具体来说,关键基因的特定功能，比如crtYB,crts,和crtI,需要详细探讨。此外,全面了解双功能酶和可变剪接产物的作用机制势在必行。最后,必须彻底研究代谢通量的调节，以揭示虾青素合成的完整途径。为了获得深入的机理，提高虾青素的产量，这篇综述提出了一些前沿方法，包括：组学，基因组编辑，蛋白质结构活性分析，和合成生物学。此外，它进一步阐明了以各种有效组合的方式使用这些先进方法来解决上述问题的新策略的可行性。本综述为研究虾青素在P.rhodozyma中的代谢途径以及虾青素的工业改良提供了理论和方法。并为多种现代先进生物技术的灵活组合使用提供了新的见解。
