Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Parents\' attempt to limit or restrict children\'s intake of \'unhealthy\' or discretionary foods has been widely considered as a counterproductive feeding practice associated with poorer dietary outcomes, but empirical evidence is varied.
OBJECTIVE: The present systematic literature review aimed to investigate the association between parental restriction and children\'s dietary intake.
METHODS: Studies were identified through PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases on April 29th, 2022. Included were peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between 2001 and 2022, with an effect size between restriction and children\'s intake of foods that are \'healthy\' (i.e., fruit, vegetables, other general healthy foods) or \'discretionary\' (i.e., sweet or savoury energy-dense/nutrient poor foods, high-sugar foods, high-salt/fat foods, and high-energy/sugar-sweetened beverages), or overall diet quality. Risk of bias was assessed using a quality assessment checklist designed to evaluate survey studies.
RESULTS: Included studies (n = 44) were most often conducted in the USA, cross-sectional, and participants were mothers. Effect sizes (k = 59) from 21 studies were used in nine meta-analyses investigating various healthy and discretionary dietary intake variables. No meta-analytic effects were statistically significant. Qualitative synthesis of effect sizes ineligible for meta-analysis (k = 91) identified patterns of associations between restriction and increased intake of healthy foods, and decreased intake of discretionary foods.
CONCLUSIONS: Studies used a diverse selection of measures of restriction and dietary intake, limiting the ability of this review to make accurate cross-study comparisons. However, results suggest that instead of restriction being detrimental for children\'s dietary outcomes, it may be unrelated, or associated with more beneficial dietary outcomes. Research that utilises validated measures of restriction and dietary outcomes and a longitudinal design is needed to clarify this association.
OBJECTIVE: The present systematic literature review aimed to investigate the association between parental restriction and children\'s dietary intake.
METHODS: Studies were identified through PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases on April 29th, 2022. Included were peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between 2001 and 2022, with an effect size between restriction and children\'s intake of foods that are \'healthy\' (i.e., fruit, vegetables, other general healthy foods) or \'discretionary\' (i.e., sweet or savoury energy-dense/nutrient poor foods, high-sugar foods, high-salt/fat foods, and high-energy/sugar-sweetened beverages), or overall diet quality. Risk of bias was assessed using a quality assessment checklist designed to evaluate survey studies.
RESULTS: Included studies (n = 44) were most often conducted in the USA, cross-sectional, and participants were mothers. Effect sizes (k = 59) from 21 studies were used in nine meta-analyses investigating various healthy and discretionary dietary intake variables. No meta-analytic effects were statistically significant. Qualitative synthesis of effect sizes ineligible for meta-analysis (k = 91) identified patterns of associations between restriction and increased intake of healthy foods, and decreased intake of discretionary foods.
CONCLUSIONS: Studies used a diverse selection of measures of restriction and dietary intake, limiting the ability of this review to make accurate cross-study comparisons. However, results suggest that instead of restriction being detrimental for children\'s dietary outcomes, it may be unrelated, or associated with more beneficial dietary outcomes. Research that utilises validated measures of restriction and dietary outcomes and a longitudinal design is needed to clarify this association.
摘要：
背景：父母试图限制或限制儿童摄入“不健康”或随意食用的食物被广泛认为是与较差的饮食结果相关的适得其反的喂养做法，但经验证据是多种多样的。
目的：本系统文献综述旨在探讨父母限制饮食与儿童饮食摄入之间的关系。
方法：通过PsycInfo确定了研究，MEDLINE,CINAHL,WebofScience,和Scopus数据库于2022年4月29日发布。包括同行评审，在2001年至2022年之间发表的英语文章，在限制和儿童摄入“健康”食物之间存在影响大小(即，水果,蔬菜,其他一般健康食品)或“可自由支配的”(即甜味或咸味能量密集/营养不足的食物，高糖食物,高盐/高脂肪食物，和高能量/含糖饮料)，或整体饮食质量。使用旨在评估调查研究的质量评估清单评估偏倚风险。
结果：纳入的研究（n=44）最常在美国进行，横截面,参与者是母亲。来自21项研究的效应大小（k=59）用于9项荟萃分析，调查各种健康和随意饮食摄入变量。荟萃分析效果无统计学意义。不符合荟萃分析的效果大小的定性综合（k=91）确定了限制和增加健康食品摄入量之间的关联模式，以及可自由支配食物的摄入量减少。
结论：研究使用了多种限制措施和饮食摄入措施，限制了本综述进行准确的跨研究比较的能力.然而,结果表明，限制不是对儿童的饮食结果有害，它可能是无关的，或与更有益的饮食结果相关。需要使用经过验证的限制措施和饮食结果的研究以及纵向设计来阐明这种关联。
目的：本系统文献综述旨在探讨父母限制饮食与儿童饮食摄入之间的关系。
方法：通过PsycInfo确定了研究，MEDLINE,CINAHL,WebofScience,和Scopus数据库于2022年4月29日发布。包括同行评审，在2001年至2022年之间发表的英语文章，在限制和儿童摄入“健康”食物之间存在影响大小(即，水果,蔬菜,其他一般健康食品)或“可自由支配的”(即甜味或咸味能量密集/营养不足的食物，高糖食物,高盐/高脂肪食物，和高能量/含糖饮料)，或整体饮食质量。使用旨在评估调查研究的质量评估清单评估偏倚风险。
结果：纳入的研究（n=44）最常在美国进行，横截面,参与者是母亲。来自21项研究的效应大小（k=59）用于9项荟萃分析，调查各种健康和随意饮食摄入变量。荟萃分析效果无统计学意义。不符合荟萃分析的效果大小的定性综合（k=91）确定了限制和增加健康食品摄入量之间的关联模式，以及可自由支配食物的摄入量减少。
结论：研究使用了多种限制措施和饮食摄入措施，限制了本综述进行准确的跨研究比较的能力.然而,结果表明，限制不是对儿童的饮食结果有害，它可能是无关的，或与更有益的饮食结果相关。需要使用经过验证的限制措施和饮食结果的研究以及纵向设计来阐明这种关联。
