Abstract：
Beef and dairy products are rich in protein and amino acids, making them highly nutritious for human consumption. The increasing use of gene editing technology in agriculture has paved the way for genetic improvement in cattle breeding via the development of the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system. Gene sequences are artificially altered and employed in the pursuit of improving bovine breeding research through targeted knockout, knock-in, substitution, and mutation methods. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in gene editing technology and its diverse applications in enhancing both quantitative and qualitative traits across livestock. These applications encompass areas such as meat quality, milk quality, fertility, disease resistance, environmental adaptability, sex control, horn development, and coat colour. Furthermore, the review considers prospective ideas and insights that may be employed to refine breeding traits, enhance editing efficiency, and navigate the ethical considerations associated with these advancements. The review\'s focus on improving the quality of beef and milk is intended to enhance the economic viability of these products. Furthermore, it constitutes a valuable resource for scholars and researchers engaged in the fields of cattle genetic improvement and breeding.
摘要：
牛肉和乳制品富含蛋白质和氨基酸，使它们对人类食用非常有营养。在农业中越来越多地使用基因编辑技术，通过开发CRISPR/Cas（成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复/CRISPR相关蛋白）系统，为牛育种的遗传改良铺平了道路。基因序列被人为改变，并通过靶向敲除来寻求改善牛育种研究，敲入,替换,和突变方法。这篇综述全面分析了基因编辑技术的进步及其在增强家畜的定量和定性特征方面的各种应用。这些应用包括肉类质量等领域，牛奶质量,生育力,抗病性,环境适应性，性别控制,喇叭发展，和外套颜色。此外，这篇综述考虑了可以用来完善育种特性的前瞻性想法和见解，提高编辑效率，并浏览与这些进步相关的道德考虑。该评论的重点是提高牛肉和牛奶的质量，旨在提高这些产品的经济可行性。此外，它是从事牛遗传改良和育种领域的学者和研究人员的宝贵资源。
