PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Straw covering is a protective tillage measure in agricultural production, but there is relatively little research on the allelopathic effects of corn straw on weeds and foxtail millet. This experiment studied the allelopathic effects of corn straw on four weeds (Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus) in foxtail millet fields, and also measured the growth indicators of foxtail millet. The study consisted of Petri dish and field experiments. Five treatments were used in the Petri dish experiment: clear water as control (0 g/L, TCK) and four types of corn straw water extracts. They were, respectively, the stock solution (100 g/L, T1), 10 X dilution (10 g/L, T2), 50 X dilution (2 g/L, T3), and 100 X dilution (1 g/L, T4) of corn straw water extracts. Additionally, seven treatments were set up in the field experiment, consisting of three corn straw covering treatments, with covering amounts of 3000 (Z1), 6000 (Z2) and 12,000 kg/ha (Z3), and four control treatments-one treatment with no corn straw cover (CK) and three treatments involving the use of a black film to create the same shading area as the corn straw covered area, with black film coverage areas of 50% (PZ1), 70% (PZ2), and 100% (PZ3), respectively. The results showed that the corn straw water extract reduced the germination rate of the seeds of the four weeds. The T1 treatment resulted in the allelopathic promotion of C. album growth but the inhibition of S. viridis, E. crus-galli, and A. retroflexus growth. Treatments T2, T3, and T4 all induced the allelopathic promotion of the growth of the four weeds. The order of the effects of the corn straw water extracts on the comprehensive allelopathy index of the four weed seeds was as follows: C. album > S. viridis > A. retroflexus > E. crus-galli. With an increase in the corn straw mulching amount, the density and total coverage of the four weeds showed a gradual downward trend, whereas the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect showed a gradual upward trend. All indices showed the best results under 12,000 kg/ha of mulching and returning to the field. Overall, corn straw coverage significantly impacted the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of foxtail millet and increased the yield of foxtail millet. Under coverages of 6000 and 12,000 kg/ha, the growth of foxtail millet is better. Based on our findings, we recommend a corn straw coverage of 12,000 kg/ha for the allelopathic control of weeds in foxtail millet fields.
摘要：
秸秆覆盖是农业生产中的保护性耕作措施,但是关于玉米秸秆对杂草和谷子的化感作用的研究相对较少。本实验研究了玉米秸秆对四种杂草的化感作用（Chenopodium专辑，Setariaviridis,谷草田中的小鸡小鸡和and菜），并测量了谷子的生长指标。本研究包括培养皿和田间试验。培养皿实验中使用了五种处理:清水作为对照(0g/L，TCK）和四种类型的玉米秸秆水提取物。他们是，分别,原液（100g/L，T1),10倍稀释(10克/升，T2),50倍稀释（2g/L，T3),和100倍稀释(1克/升，T4)的玉米秸秆水提取物。此外,在田间试验中设置了七个处理方法，由三种玉米秸秆覆盖处理组成，覆盖金额为3000(Z1)，6000（Z2）和12,000公斤/公顷（Z3），和四种对照处理-一种处理没有玉米秸秆覆盖（CK），三种处理涉及使用黑色薄膜来创建与玉米秸秆覆盖区域相同的阴影区域，黑膜覆盖率为50%(PZ1),70%(PZ2),100%（PZ3），分别。结果表明,玉米秸秆水提液降低了4种杂草种子的发芽率。T1处理导致了C.album生长的化感促进，但抑制了S.viridis，E.crus-galli，和A.后屈肌生长。处理T2、T3和T4均诱导了四种杂草生长的化感促进。玉米秸秆水提取物对四种杂草种子的综合化感作用指数的影响顺序如下：C.专辑>S.viridis>A.retroflexus>E.crus-galli。随着玉米秸秆覆盖量的增加,四种杂草的密度和总覆盖率呈逐渐下降的趋势，而植物防治效果和鲜重防治效果呈逐渐上升趋势。在12,000公斤/公顷的覆盖和返回田间的情况下，所有指数均显示出最佳结果。总的来说,玉米秸秆覆盖显著影响谷子净光合速率和蒸腾速率,提高谷子产量。在6000和12,000公斤/公顷的覆盖率下，谷子的生长情况较好。根据我们的发现,我们建议玉米秸秆覆盖率为12,000公斤/公顷，以防治谷草田的杂草。
