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Abstract：
Background and Objectives: The pancreas, ensconced within the abdominal cavity, requires a plethora of sophisticated imaging modalities for its comprehensive evaluation, with ultrasonography serving as a primary investigative technique. A myriad of pancreatic pathologies, encompassing pancreatic neoplasia and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases, are detectable through these imaging strategies. Nevertheless, the intricate anatomical confluence and the pancreas\'s deep-seated topography render the visualization and accurate diagnosis of its pathologies a formidable endeavor. The objective of our paper is to review the best diagnostic imagistic tools for the pancreas. Materials and Methods: we have gathered several articles using Prisma guidelines to determine the best imagistic methods. The imperative of pancreatic scanning transcends its diagnostic utility, proving to be a pivotal element in a multitude of clinical specialties, notably surgical oncology. Within this domain, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the pancreas holds the distinction of being the paramount imaging modality, endorsed for its unrivaled capacity to delineate the staging and progression of pancreatic carcinoma. In synergy with MDCT, there has been a notable advent of avant-garde imaging techniques in recent years. These advanced methodologies, including ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conjoined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), have broadened the horizon of tumor characterization, offering unparalleled depth and precision in oncological assessment. Other emerging diagnostic techniques, such as elastography, also hold a lot of potential and promise for the future of pancreatic imaging. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick, minimally invasive procedure to evaluate lumps using a thin needle to extract tissue for analysis. It is less invasive than surgical biopsies and usually performed as an outpatient with quick recovery. Its accuracy depends on sample quality, and the risks include minimal bleeding or discomfort. Results, guiding further treatment, are typically available within a week. Elastography is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue. This method, often used in conjunction with ultrasound or MRI, helps differentiate between hard and soft areas in tissue, providing valuable diagnostic information. It is particularly useful for assessing liver fibrosis, thyroid nodules, breast lumps, and musculoskeletal conditions. The technique is painless and involves applying gentle pressure to the area being examined. The resulting images show tissue stiffness, indicating potential abnormalities. Elastography is advantageous for its ability to detect diseases in early stages and monitor treatment effectiveness. The procedure is quick, safe, and requires no special preparation, with results typically available immediately. Results: The assembled and gathered data shows the efficacy of various techniques in discerning the nature and extent of neoplastic lesions within the pancreas. Conclusions: The most common imaging modalities currently used in diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms are multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside new technologies, such as elastography.
摘要：
背景和目的:胰腺,藏在腹腔内，需要大量复杂的成像方式来进行全面评估，超声检查作为主要的调查技术。无数的胰腺病理，包括胰腺肿瘤和一系列炎性疾病，可以通过这些成像策略检测到。然而，复杂的解剖学汇合和胰腺的深层地形使其病理的可视化和准确诊断成为一项艰巨的任务。我们论文的目的是回顾胰腺的最佳诊断影像工具。材料和方法：我们使用Prisma指南收集了几篇文章，以确定最佳的意象方法。胰腺扫描的必要性超越了其诊断效用，被证明是众多临床专科的关键要素，尤其是肿瘤外科.在这个领域，胰腺的多探测器计算机断层扫描（MDCT）具有重要的成像模态的区别，认可其无与伦比的能力来描述胰腺癌的分期和进展。与MDCT协同，近年来，前卫成像技术的出现显着。这些先进的方法，包括超声检查,超声内镜,超声造影,磁共振成像（MRI）与磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）相结合，拓宽了肿瘤表征的视野，在肿瘤评估中提供无与伦比的深度和精确度。其他新兴的诊断技术，比如弹性成像，对胰腺成像的未来也有很大的潜力和希望。细针抽吸(FNA)是一种快速，使用细针提取组织进行分析，以评估肿块的微创程序。与手术活检相比，侵入性较小，通常作为门诊进行，恢复快。其准确性取决于样品质量，风险包括最小的出血或不适。Results,指导进一步治疗，通常在一周内可用。弹性成像是一种非侵入性医学成像技术，可绘制软组织的弹性特性和刚度。这种方法,通常与超声或MRI结合使用，有助于区分组织中的硬区域和软区域，提供有价值的诊断信息。它对评估肝纤维化特别有用，甲状腺结节,乳房肿块,和肌肉骨骼疾病。该技术是无痛的，涉及对被检查的区域施加轻柔的压力。得到的图像显示组织硬度，表明潜在的异常。弹性成像对于其早期检测疾病和监测治疗有效性的能力是有利的。程序很快，安全,不需要特别的准备,结果通常立即可用。结果：收集和收集的数据显示了各种技术在辨别胰腺内肿瘤病变的性质和程度方面的功效。结论：目前用于诊断胰腺肿瘤的最常见的成像方式是多探测器计算机断层扫描（MDCT）。超声内镜(EUS),磁共振成像（MRI），除了新技术，比如弹性成像。
