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Abstract：
This cross-sectional study investigates the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): its prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics in healthy swine populations in central Portugal. A total of 213 samples were collected from pigs on twelve farms, and MRSA prevalence was assessed using selective agar plates and confirmed via molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to characterize resistance profiles and genetic determinants. Among the 107 MRSA-positive samples (83.1% prevalence), fattening pigs and breeding sows exhibited notably high carriage rates. The genome of 20 isolates revealed the predominance of the ST398 clonal complex, with diverse spa types identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including penicillin, cefoxitin, and tetracycline. WGS analysis identified a diverse array of resistance genes, highlighting the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of genes associated with pathogenicity. These findings underscore the significant prevalence of MRSA in swine populations and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission risks. Implementation of prudent antimicrobial use practices and targeted intervention strategies is essential to reducing MRSA prevalence and safeguarding public health. Continued research efforts are warranted to elucidate transmission dynamics and virulence potential, ultimately ensuring food safety and public health protection.
摘要：
这项横断面研究调查了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）：其患病率，抗菌素耐药性，以及葡萄牙中部健康猪种群的分子特征。共从十二个农场的猪身上采集213份样本,和MRSA患病率使用选择性琼脂平板进行评估，并通过分子方法进行确认。进行抗菌素敏感性测试和全基因组测序（WGS）以表征抗性谱和遗传决定因素。在107个MRSA阳性样本中（患病率83.1%），育肥猪和繁殖母猪的携带率明显较高。20个分离株的基因组揭示了ST398克隆复合物的优势，与不同的水疗类型确定。抗菌药物敏感性试验表明对多种抗菌药物具有耐药性，包括青霉素,头孢西丁,还有四环素.WGS分析确定了一系列不同的抗性基因，强调抗菌素耐药性的遗传基础。此外，毒力基因谱分析显示存在与致病性相关的基因。这些发现强调了MRSA在猪群中的显著流行，并强调需要加强监测和控制措施以减轻人畜共患传播风险。实施审慎的抗菌药物使用实践和有针对性的干预策略对于降低MRSA患病率和维护公共卫生至关重要。有必要继续努力研究以阐明传播动力学和毒力潜力，最终确保食品安全和公众健康保护。
