Abstract：
The health risks induced by chronic exposure to low concentrations of imidacloprid (IMI) to zebrafish were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the growth of zebrafish was inhibited after being exposed to 10, 100, and 500 μg/L of IMI for 90 days. Moreover, the blood glucose levels in the IMI-exposed groups were significantly higher compared to the control group. Investigation into the development of zebrafish larvae revealed that IMI exposure hindered the development of the liver and pancreatic islets, organs crucial for glucose metabolism. In addition, the IMI-exposed groups exhibited reduced liver glycogen and plasma insulin levels, along with changes in the activity of enzymes and the transcription levels of genes associated with liver glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that IMI induces glycometabolic disorders in zebrafish. The analysis of intestinal flora revealed that several key bacteria associated with an elevated risk of diabetes were significantly altered in IMI-exposed fish. Specifically, a remarkable decrease was found in the abundance of the genera Aeromonas and Shewanella, which have been found closely related to the development of pancreatic islets. This implies that the alteration of key bacteria in the fish gut by IMI, which in turn affects the development of organs such as the pancreatic islets, may be the initial trigger for abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Our results revealed that chronic exposure to low concentrations of IMI led to glycometabolic disorder in fish. Therefore, considering the pervasive existence of IMI residues in the environment, the health hazards posed by low-concentration IMI to fish cannot be overlooked.
摘要：
本研究调查了长期暴露于低浓度吡虫啉（IMI）对斑马鱼的健康风险。结果表明，暴露于10、100和500μg/L的IMI90天后，斑马鱼的生长受到抑制。此外，IMI暴露组的血糖水平显著高于对照组.对斑马鱼幼虫发育的调查显示，IMI暴露阻碍了肝脏和胰岛的发育，对葡萄糖代谢至关重要的器官。此外,IMI暴露组显示肝糖原和血浆胰岛素水平降低，与肝脏葡萄糖代谢相关的酶活性和基因转录水平的变化。这些发现表明IMI在斑马鱼中诱导糖代谢紊乱。对肠道菌群的分析显示，在暴露于IMI的鱼类中，与糖尿病风险升高相关的几种关键细菌发生了显着变化。具体来说,发现气单胞菌属和希瓦氏菌属的丰度显着下降，已发现与胰岛的发育密切相关。这意味着通过IMI改变鱼肠中的关键细菌，进而影响胰岛等器官的发育，可能是葡萄糖代谢异常的初始触发因素。我们的结果表明，长期暴露于低浓度的IMI会导致鱼类的糖代谢紊乱。因此,考虑到环境中IMI残留物的普遍存在，低浓度IMI对鱼类的健康危害不容忽视。
