Abstract：
Corneal transplantation can be divided into two groups: penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. Newer minimally invasive procedures have emerged over the years, to improve the visual outcome and reduce complications. This article summarizes the different procedures, their indications and complications, and outlines the pre-, peri- and postoperative management in a clinical setting.Corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed transplantation of donor tissue in modern medicine. In the last years a shift away from penetrating keratoplasty (PK) towards minimally invasive lamellar operative techniques, associated with less complications, can be observed. The Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is used to treat endothelial corneal pathologies and has overtaken the PK to become the most commonly performed form of keratoplasty. Preparation and identification of possible risk-factors are essential preoperative steps to reduce peri- and postoperative complications of keratoplasties. If corneal graft rejection occurs, early and maximum therapy is crucial for graft survival. Laser-assisted techniques offer different advantages in lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty but are not very cost-efficient.
摘要：
角膜移植可分为两组：穿透性和板层角膜移植术。这些年来出现了较新的微创手术，改善视觉效果，减少并发症。本文总结了不同的程序，他们的适应症和并发症，并概述了前，临床环境中的围手术期和术后管理。角膜移植是现代医学中最常见的供体组织移植。在过去的几年中，从穿透性角膜移植术（PK）转向微创板层手术技术，与较少的并发症相关，可以观察到。Descemet膜内皮角膜移植术（DMEK）用于治疗内皮角膜病变，并已超过PK，成为最常见的角膜移植术形式。准备和识别可能的危险因素是减少角膜移植术围手术期和术后并发症的必要步骤。如果发生角膜移植物排斥反应，早期和最大限度的治疗是移植物存活的关键。激光辅助技术在板层和穿透性角膜移植术中具有不同的优势，但成本效益不高。
