Abstract：
Tetracyclines are widely used in Chinese apiculture. However, limited information is available on the presence of tetracycline residues in honey and the sources, degradation patterns, and associated health risks of these compounds. In this study, the presence of tetracyclines in honey samples across China was investigated over a four-year period. Additionally, the risks of dietary intake, as well as the sources and degradation patterns of tetracyclines in honey, were assessed. The three-dimensional spatial distributions (floral region, geographical region and entomological origin) of tetracyclines contamination varied significantly. Tetracycline residues in honey posed a moderate risk to children aged 3-10 years in Northwest China. Source analysis indicated that colony migration serves as the primary source of tetracyclines in honey. Based on the degradation patterns of tetracyclines in honey within colonies and during storage, oxytetracycline is more readily degraded than other tetracyclines. The main degradation products of tetracyclines are epimers and dehydration products, and the effects of these products on human health and the environment should be further evaluated in future studies. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the safe use and regulation of tetracyclines in Chinese apiculture.
摘要：
四环素类药物广泛用于中国养蜂业。然而,关于蜂蜜中四环素残留物的存在和来源的信息有限，退化模式，以及这些化合物的相关健康风险。在这项研究中,对中国蜂蜜样品中四环素类药物的存在进行了为期四年的调查。此外,饮食摄入的风险，以及蜂蜜中四环素的来源和降解模式，被评估。三维空间分布(花卉区域，四环素污染的地理区域和昆虫学起源）差异很大。蜂蜜中的四环素残留对中国西北地区3-10岁的儿童构成中等风险。来源分析表明，菌落迁移是蜂蜜中四环素的主要来源。根据蜂蜜在菌落内和储存过程中的四环素降解模式，土霉素比其他四环素更容易降解。四环素的主要降解产物是差向异构体和脱水产物，这些产品对人类健康和环境的影响应在未来的研究中进一步评估。这项全面的调查为四环素在中国养蜂业中的安全使用和监管提供了宝贵的见解。
