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Abstract：
Human fungal diseases are infections caused by any fungus that invades human tissues, causing superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic diseases. Fungal infections that enter various human tissues and organs pose a significant threat to millions of individuals with weakened immune systems globally. Over recent decades, the reported cases of invasive fungal infections have increased substantially and research progress in this field has also been rapidly boosted. This review provides a comprehensive list of human fungal pathogens extracted from over 850 recent case reports, and a summary of the relevant disease conditions and their origins. Details of 281 human fungal pathogens belonging to 12 classes and 104 genera in the divisions ascomycota, basidiomycota, entomophthoromycota, and mucoromycota are listed. Among these, Aspergillus stands out as the genus with the greatest potential of infecting humans, comprising 16 species known to infect humans. Additionally, three other genera, Curvularia, Exophiala, and Trichophyton, are recognized as significant genera, each comprising 10 or more known human pathogenic species. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of human fungal pathogens was performed to show their phylogenetic relationships and clarify their taxonomies. In addition, this review summarizes the recent advancements in fungal disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
摘要：
人类真菌疾病是由任何侵入人体组织的真菌引起的感染，导致肤浅的，皮下,或全身性疾病。进入各种人体组织和器官的真菌感染对全球数百万免疫系统减弱的个体构成重大威胁。近几十年来,报告的侵袭性真菌感染病例大幅增加，该领域的研究进展也得到了迅速推进。这篇综述提供了从850多例近期病例报告中提取的人类真菌病原体的全面列表，并总结了相关的疾病状况及其起源。子囊菌属中属于12类和104属的281种人类真菌病原体的详细信息，担子菌,虫卵囊,并列出了粘液菌。其中,曲霉是最有可能感染人类的属，包括16种已知感染人类的物种。此外,其他三个属,弯孢菌,Exophiala,和毛癣菌,被认为是重要的属，每个包含10个或更多个已知的人类致病物种。进行了基于人类真菌病原体28SnrRNA基因（LSU）部分序列的系统发育分析，以显示它们的系统发育关系并阐明它们的分类。此外,本文综述了真菌病诊断和治疗的最新进展。
