PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study evaluates the efficacy of the salts sodium metabisulfite (SMB), ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate first in vitro against the main postharvest fruit rot fungi, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum, and Penicillium digitatum. Results showed that 0.2% SMB completely inhibited the mycelium growth of the fungal species. Ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were less effective at 0.2% in inhibiting mycelial growth, ranging from 57.6% to 77.6%. The least effective was potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Experiments were also performed in vivo on wounded apples inoculated with the most pathogenic fungus, B. cinerea, and treated with SMB at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%, both preventively and curatively. Results based on the decay size showed that SMB, when used as a preventive treatment, had a reduced efficacy, even with the highest concentration. However, this salt proved to be very effective at 0.5% in curative treatment since the decay was completely blocked. Our results suggest that the appropriate concentration of SMB for post-harvest treatment is 0.5% as a curative treatment. On the other hand, the 1% dose induced the onset of phytotoxicity around the wound. To assess the extent of the phytotoxicity reaction, higher concentrations of 1-4% SMB were applied to wounded fruit. Apples and oranges were inoculated or not with B. cinerea and P. digitatum, respectively. Doses of 1-4% induced phytotoxicity in the form of a discolored ring surrounding the wound on the epidermis of the fruit; this phytotoxicity enlarged as the concentration of SMB increased. The phytotoxic features were similar on apples and oranges. The methodological procedure made it possible to carry out a quantitative assessment of SMB phytotoxicity. This method is proposed as an easy-to-use technique for quantitatively estimating the phytotoxicity of antifungal compounds on post-harvest fruit.
摘要：
这项研究评估了盐偏亚硫酸氢钠（SMB）的功效，碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢钠,和正磷酸二氢钾首先在体外对抗主要的采后果腐病真菌，交替菌,灰葡萄孢菌,意大利青霉,和指状青霉。结果表明，0.2％的SMB完全抑制了真菌菌丝的生长。碳酸氢铵和碳酸氢钠在抑制菌丝体生长的效果在0.2%时较差,从57.6%到77.6%不等。效果最差的是正磷酸二氢钾。还在接种了最致病真菌的受伤苹果上进行了体内实验，B.cinerea,并用浓度为0.2、0.5、1、2和3%的SMB处理，无论是预防性的还是治疗性的。基于衰减大小的结果表明，SMB，当用作预防性治疗时，功效降低，即使浓度最高。然而,这种盐被证明是非常有效的治疗0.5％，因为腐烂被完全阻止。我们的结果表明，作为治愈性治疗，用于收获后处理的SMB的合适浓度为0.5％。另一方面,1%剂量诱导伤口周围植物毒性的发作。为了评估植物毒性反应的程度，将较高浓度的1-4%SMB应用于受伤的果实。苹果和橙子接种或不接种灰芽孢杆菌和指状芽孢杆菌，分别。1-4％的剂量以围绕果实表皮上伤口的变色环的形式引起植物毒性；随着SMB浓度的增加，这种植物毒性增大。苹果和橙子的植物毒性特征相似。方法学程序使得可以进行SMB植物毒性的定量评估。该方法被认为是一种易于使用的技术，用于定量估计抗真菌化合物对收获后果实的植物毒性。
