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Abstract：
There is a vast amount of published literature concerning dental veneers; however, the effects of tooth preparation, aging, veneer type, and resin cement type on the failure of dental veneers in laboratory versus clinical scenarios are not clear. The purpose of the present narrative review was to determine the principal factors associated with failures of dental veneers in laboratory tests and to understand how these factors translate into clinical successes/failures. Articles were identified and screened by the lead author in January 2024 using the keywords \'\'dental veneer\", \"complication\", \"survival rate\", \"failure\", and \"success rate\" using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria included articles published between January 1999 and January 2024 on the topics of preparation of a tooth, aging processes of the resin cement and veneer, translucency, thickness, fabrication technique of the veneer; shade, and thickness of the resin cement. The exclusion criteria included articles that discussed marginal and internal fit, microhardness, water sorption, solubility, polishability, occlusal veneers, retention, surface treatments, and wear. The results of the present review indicated that dental veneers generally have a high survival rate (>90% for more than 10 years). The amount of preserved enamel layer plays a paramount role in the survival and success rates of veneers, and glass-ceramic veneers with minimal/no preparation showed the highest survival rates. Fracture was the primary failure mechanism associated with decreased survival rate, followed by debonding and color change. Fractures increased in the presence of parafunctional activities. Fewer endodontic complications were associated with veneer restorations. No difference was observed between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Clinical significance: Fractures can be reduced by evaluation of occlusion immediately after cementation and through the use of high-strength veneer materials, resin cements with low moduli, and thin layers of highly polished veneers. Debonding failures can be reduced with minimal/no preparation, and immediate dentin sealing should be considered when dentin is exposed. Debonding can also be reduced by preventing contamination from blood, saliva, handpiece oil, or fluoride-containing polishing paste; through proper surface treatment (20 s of hydrofluoric acid etching for glass ceramic followed by silane for 60 s); and through use of light-cured polymerization for thin veneers. Long-term color stability may be maintained using resin cements with UDMA-based resin, glass ceramic materials, and light-cure polymerization with thin veneers.
摘要：
有大量关于牙科贴面的公开文献；然而，牙齿预备的效果，老化，单板类型,而树脂粘固剂的失效类型对牙科贴面的实验室与临床情况尚不清楚。本叙述性综述的目的是确定与实验室测试中牙科贴面失败相关的主要因素，并了解这些因素如何转化为临床成功/失败。文章由主要作者在2024年1月使用关键词“牙齿贴面”进行识别和筛选，\"并发症\",“生存率”，\"失败\",和“成功率”使用PubMed/Medline，Scopus,谷歌学者，科学直接。纳入标准包括1999年1月至2024年1月发表的关于牙齿准备主题的文章，树脂水泥和单板的老化过程，半透明,厚度,单板的制造技术；遮阳，树脂水泥的厚度。排除标准包括讨论边际和内部匹配的文章，显微硬度,水吸附，溶解度，可抛光性，咬合贴面，保留,表面处理,和穿。本综述的结果表明，牙科贴面通常具有很高的存活率（超过10年>90％）。保存的釉质层的数量在贴面的存活率和成功率中起着至关重要的作用，和最少/没有准备的玻璃陶瓷贴面显示出最高的存活率。骨折是与存活率降低相关的主要失败机制，然后是脱粘和颜色变化。在存在功能异常活动的情况下，骨折增加。牙髓并发症较少与贴面修复相关。上颌和下颌牙齿之间没有观察到差异。临床意义：通过在胶结后立即评估咬合和使用高强度贴面材料可以减少骨折，低模量树脂水泥，和薄层高度抛光的贴面。脱粘失败可以用最少/无准备减少，当牙本质暴露时，应考虑立即密封牙本质。还可以通过防止血液污染来减少脱粘，唾液,手机油,或含氟抛光膏；通过适当的表面处理（对玻璃陶瓷进行20s的氢氟酸蚀刻，然后用硅烷蚀刻60s）；并通过对薄单板使用光固化聚合。可以使用具有UDMA基树脂的树脂水泥保持长期颜色稳定性，玻璃陶瓷材料，和薄单板的光固化聚合。
