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Abstract：
The endothelial glycocalyx (EGC) is a layer of proteoglycans (associated with glycosaminoglycans) and glycoproteins, which adsorbs plasma proteins on the luminal surface of endothelial cells. Its main function is to participate in separating the circulating blood from the inner layers of the vessels and the surrounding tissues. Physiologically, the EGC stimulates mechanotransduction, the endothelial charge, thrombocyte adhesion, leukocyte tissue recruitment, and molecule extravasation. Hence, severe impairment of the EGC has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including sepsis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory disorders, hypernatremia, hypervolemia, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, alterations in EGC have been associated with altered responses to therapeutic interventions in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Investigation into the function of the glycocalyx has expanded knowledge about vascular disorders and indicated the need to consider new approaches in the treatment of severe endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to present the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases and to elucidate the impact of heart surgery on EGC dysfunction.
摘要：
内皮糖萼（EGC）是一层蛋白聚糖（与糖胺聚糖相关）和糖蛋白，将血浆蛋白吸附在内皮细胞的腔表面。它的主要功能是参与将循环血液与血管和周围组织的内层分离。生理学上,EGC刺激机械传导，内皮电荷，血小板粘附,白细胞组织募集，和分子外渗。因此，EGC的严重损害与各种病理状况有关，包括败血症,糖尿病,慢性肾病,炎症性疾病，高钠血症,血容量过高,动脉粥样硬化,和缺血/再灌注损伤。此外，EGC的改变与心血管疾病等疾病对治疗干预的反应改变相关.对糖萼功能的研究扩展了有关血管疾病的知识，并表明需要考虑治疗严重内皮功能障碍的新方法。这篇综述旨在介绍目前对心血管疾病潜在分子机制的理解，并阐明心脏手术对EGC功能障碍的影响。
