Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To compare the extent of cytopenias and systemic immune inflammation index of hospitalised coronavirus disease-2019 patients during the first and second/third waves of the pandemic.
UNASSIGNED: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021 at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of hospitalised coronavirus disease-2019 patients regardless of age and gender from May 2020 to June 2021. Data was segregated into first wave that lasted from May to July 2020, second wave that lasted from early November to mid-December 2020, and third wave that ranged from mid-March to June 2021. For comparison purposes, the data of first wave was in group A, while data of second and third waves was pooled into group B. Age, gender, comorbidities, requirement of ventilator support and outcome of the patients was noted. Inflammatory markers were compared on the basis of complete blood count and systemic immune-inflammation index data. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS: Of the 202 patients, 90(44.5%) were in group A and 112(55.4%) were in group B. There were 108(53.5%) males and 94(46.5%) females. The median age in males was 58 years (interquartile range: 21 years) and it was 56 years (interquartile range: 21 years) in females. Neutrophilia (p<0.001), leukocytosis (p<0.001) and lymphocytopenia (p<0.001) had direct association with increased systemic immune-inflammation. Raised systemic immune-inflammation also had an association with increased requirement of ventilator support (p=0.2) and increased mortality (p=0.001). There were more females, more critical patients, more patients with anaemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in group B compared to group A (p<0.05). Need for ventilator support and mortality were also higher in group B compared to group A (p<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: All the indicators analysed were worse during the second and third waves of coronavirus disease-2019 compared to the first wave of the pandemic.
UNASSIGNED: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2021 at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data of hospitalised coronavirus disease-2019 patients regardless of age and gender from May 2020 to June 2021. Data was segregated into first wave that lasted from May to July 2020, second wave that lasted from early November to mid-December 2020, and third wave that ranged from mid-March to June 2021. For comparison purposes, the data of first wave was in group A, while data of second and third waves was pooled into group B. Age, gender, comorbidities, requirement of ventilator support and outcome of the patients was noted. Inflammatory markers were compared on the basis of complete blood count and systemic immune-inflammation index data. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS: Of the 202 patients, 90(44.5%) were in group A and 112(55.4%) were in group B. There were 108(53.5%) males and 94(46.5%) females. The median age in males was 58 years (interquartile range: 21 years) and it was 56 years (interquartile range: 21 years) in females. Neutrophilia (p<0.001), leukocytosis (p<0.001) and lymphocytopenia (p<0.001) had direct association with increased systemic immune-inflammation. Raised systemic immune-inflammation also had an association with increased requirement of ventilator support (p=0.2) and increased mortality (p=0.001). There were more females, more critical patients, more patients with anaemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in group B compared to group A (p<0.05). Need for ventilator support and mortality were also higher in group B compared to group A (p<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: All the indicators analysed were worse during the second and third waves of coronavirus disease-2019 compared to the first wave of the pandemic.
摘要：
目的：比较大流行的第一和第二/第三波中住院冠状病毒病-2019患者的血细胞减少程度和全身免疫炎症指数。
■回顾，横断面研究于2021年10月在法蒂玛纪念医院进行，拉合尔,巴基斯坦,并包括2020年5月至2021年6月住院冠状病毒疾病-2019患者的数据，无论年龄和性别如何。数据分为2020年5月至7月的第一波，2020年11月初至12月中旬的第二波，以及2021年3月中旬至6月的第三波。为了进行比较，第一波的数据是A组,而第二波和第三波的数据汇集到B组。年龄，性别,合并症,记录了患者的呼吸机支持需求和结局.根据全血细胞计数和全身免疫炎症指数数据比较炎症标志物。数据采用SPSS25进行分析。
结果：在202名患者中，A组90例(44.5%),B组112例(55.4%),男性108例(53.5%),女性94例(46.5%)。男性的中位年龄为58岁（四分位距：21岁），女性为56岁（四分位距：21岁）。嗜中性粒细胞增多症（p<0.001），白细胞增多（p<0.001）和淋巴细胞减少（p<0.001）与全身免疫炎症增加直接相关。全身免疫炎症的增加也与呼吸机支持的需求增加（p=0.2）和死亡率增加（p=0.001）有关。有更多的女性，更多的危重患者，更多的贫血患者，白细胞减少症,B组淋巴细胞减少和血小板减少与A组比较(p<0.05)。与A组相比，B组的呼吸机支持需求和死亡率也较高（p<0.05）。
■与大流行的第一波相比，在2019年第二波和第三波冠状病毒疾病期间，所有分析的指标都更差。
■回顾，横断面研究于2021年10月在法蒂玛纪念医院进行，拉合尔,巴基斯坦,并包括2020年5月至2021年6月住院冠状病毒疾病-2019患者的数据，无论年龄和性别如何。数据分为2020年5月至7月的第一波，2020年11月初至12月中旬的第二波，以及2021年3月中旬至6月的第三波。为了进行比较，第一波的数据是A组,而第二波和第三波的数据汇集到B组。年龄，性别,合并症,记录了患者的呼吸机支持需求和结局.根据全血细胞计数和全身免疫炎症指数数据比较炎症标志物。数据采用SPSS25进行分析。
结果：在202名患者中，A组90例(44.5%),B组112例(55.4%),男性108例(53.5%),女性94例(46.5%)。男性的中位年龄为58岁（四分位距：21岁），女性为56岁（四分位距：21岁）。嗜中性粒细胞增多症（p<0.001），白细胞增多（p<0.001）和淋巴细胞减少（p<0.001）与全身免疫炎症增加直接相关。全身免疫炎症的增加也与呼吸机支持的需求增加（p=0.2）和死亡率增加（p=0.001）有关。有更多的女性，更多的危重患者，更多的贫血患者，白细胞减少症,B组淋巴细胞减少和血小板减少与A组比较(p<0.05)。与A组相比，B组的呼吸机支持需求和死亡率也较高（p<0.05）。
■与大流行的第一波相比，在2019年第二波和第三波冠状病毒疾病期间，所有分析的指标都更差。
