Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Although congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is the leading cause of childhood onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure, comprehensive information on the disease burden among children and adolescents globally is lacking. We aim to report the trends and socioeconomic inequality of CAKUT burden for people aged 0-24 years from 1990 to 2019·.
METHODS: We reported the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for CAKUT based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, quantified the association of disease burden and socio-demographic index (SDI), calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) the relative index of inequality (RII) and concentration index.
RESULTS: In 2019, the global prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of CAKUT among individuals aged 0-24 years were 167.11 (95%Confident Interval 166.97, 167.25), 0.30 (0.29, 0.30), and 32.22 (32.16, 32.29) per 100 000 population. The greatest prevalence, mortality and DALYs were recorded in the 0-4 year age group. The greatest mortality and DALYs were recorded in low SDI countries and territories. During 1990 to 2019, the prevalence, mortality and DALYs decreased globally, while in low and low-middle countries and territories the reduction was much less slower. India, Nigeria and Pakistan had the highest DALYs. Saudi Arabia and China exhibited a markedly decrease of CAKUT burden. Globally for every 0.1 increase in SDI, there was a 20.53% reduction in mortality, a 16.31% decrease in DALYs, but a 0.38% rise in prevalence.
CONCLUSIONS: Inequality for disease burden of varying SDI was increasing globally. Thus, specific preventive and health service measures are needed to reduce the global burden from CAKUT.
METHODS: We reported the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for CAKUT based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, quantified the association of disease burden and socio-demographic index (SDI), calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) the relative index of inequality (RII) and concentration index.
RESULTS: In 2019, the global prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of CAKUT among individuals aged 0-24 years were 167.11 (95%Confident Interval 166.97, 167.25), 0.30 (0.29, 0.30), and 32.22 (32.16, 32.29) per 100 000 population. The greatest prevalence, mortality and DALYs were recorded in the 0-4 year age group. The greatest mortality and DALYs were recorded in low SDI countries and territories. During 1990 to 2019, the prevalence, mortality and DALYs decreased globally, while in low and low-middle countries and territories the reduction was much less slower. India, Nigeria and Pakistan had the highest DALYs. Saudi Arabia and China exhibited a markedly decrease of CAKUT burden. Globally for every 0.1 increase in SDI, there was a 20.53% reduction in mortality, a 16.31% decrease in DALYs, but a 0.38% rise in prevalence.
CONCLUSIONS: Inequality for disease burden of varying SDI was increasing globally. Thus, specific preventive and health service measures are needed to reduce the global burden from CAKUT.
摘要：
背景：尽管先天性肾脏和泌尿道异常（CAKUT）是儿童慢性肾病（CKD）和肾衰竭的主要原因，缺乏关于全球儿童和青少年疾病负担的全面信息。我们的目标是报告从1990年到2019年，0-24岁人群的CAKUT负担的趋势和社会经济不平等。
方法：我们报告了患病率，根据全球疾病负担，CAKUT的死亡率和残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)，受伤,和风险因素研究(GBD)2019，量化疾病负担和社会人口统计学指数(SDI)的关联，计算了斜率不平等指数(SII)、相对不平等指数(RII)和集中指数。
结果：2019年，全球患病率，死亡率,在0-24岁的人群中，CAKUT的DALYs为167.11（95%置信区间166.97，167.25），0.30（0.29，0.30），和32.22（32.16，32.29）每10万人口。最大的患病率，记录0~4岁年龄组的死亡率和DALY.最低SDI国家和地区的死亡率和DALY最高。在1990年至2019年期间，患病率，全球死亡率和DALY下降，而在中低收入国家和地区，减少的速度要慢得多。印度,尼日利亚和巴基斯坦的DALY最高。沙特阿拉伯和中国的CAKUT负担显着下降。在全球范围内，SDI每增加0.1，死亡率下降了20.53%，DALYs减少16.31%，但患病率上升了0.38%。
结论：不同SDI的疾病负担不平等在全球范围内增加。因此，需要采取具体的预防和卫生服务措施来减轻CAKUT的全球负担。
方法：我们报告了患病率，根据全球疾病负担，CAKUT的死亡率和残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)，受伤,和风险因素研究(GBD)2019，量化疾病负担和社会人口统计学指数(SDI)的关联，计算了斜率不平等指数(SII)、相对不平等指数(RII)和集中指数。
结果：2019年，全球患病率，死亡率,在0-24岁的人群中，CAKUT的DALYs为167.11（95%置信区间166.97，167.25），0.30（0.29，0.30），和32.22（32.16，32.29）每10万人口。最大的患病率，记录0~4岁年龄组的死亡率和DALY.最低SDI国家和地区的死亡率和DALY最高。在1990年至2019年期间，患病率，全球死亡率和DALY下降，而在中低收入国家和地区，减少的速度要慢得多。印度,尼日利亚和巴基斯坦的DALY最高。沙特阿拉伯和中国的CAKUT负担显着下降。在全球范围内，SDI每增加0.1，死亡率下降了20.53%，DALYs减少16.31%，但患病率上升了0.38%。
结论：不同SDI的疾病负担不平等在全球范围内增加。因此，需要采取具体的预防和卫生服务措施来减轻CAKUT的全球负担。
