Abstract：
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that infects wounds and burns and causes severe infections in immunocompromised humans. The high virulence, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, and the easy transmissibility of P. aeruginosa necessitate its fast detection and control. The gold standard for detecting P. aeruginosa, the plate culture method, though reliable, takes several days to complete. Therefore, developing accurate, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for P. aeruginosa is highly desirable. Nanomaterial-based biosensors are at the forefront of detecting P. aeruginosa and its secondary metabolites. This review summarises the biorecognition elements, biomarkers, immobilisation strategies, and current state-of-the-art biosensors for P. aeruginosa. The review highlights the underlying principles of bioreceptor layer engineering and the design of optical, electrochemical, mass-based, and thermal biosensors based on nanomaterials. The advantages and disadvantages of these biosensors and their future point-of-care applications are also discussed. This review outlines significant advancements in biosensors and sensors for detecting P. aeruginosa and its metabolites. Research efforts have identified biorecognition elements specific and selective towards P. aeruginosa. The stability, ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and integration of these biorecognition elements onto transducers are pivotal for their application in biosensors and sensors. At the same time, when developing sensors for clinically significant analytes such as P. aeruginosa, virulence factors need to be addressed, such as the sensor\'s sensitivity, reliability, and response time in samples obtained from patients. The point-of-care applicability of the developed sensor may be an added advantage since it enables onsite determination. In this context, optical methods developed for P. aeruginosa offer promising potential.
摘要：
铜绿假单胞菌是感染伤口和烧伤并在人类中引起严重感染的机会病原体。高毒力，抗生素抗性菌株的出现，铜绿假单胞菌易传播性要求其快速检测和控制。检测铜绿假单胞菌的黄金标准，平板培养法，虽然可靠,需要几天时间才能完成。因此,发展准确，快速,并且易于使用的铜绿假单胞菌诊断工具是非常需要的。基于纳米材料的生物传感器处于检测铜绿假单胞菌及其次生代谢产物的最前沿。这篇综述总结了生物识别元素，生物标志物，固定化策略，和当前最先进的铜绿假单胞菌生物传感器。这篇综述强调了生物受体层工程的基本原理和基于纳米材料的光学设计，电化学,以质量为基础，和热生物传感器。还讨论了这些生物传感器的优缺点及其未来的护理点应用。
