Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This study examines the incidence of infection and resistance associated with Intracorneal Ring Segment (ICRS) implantation, a common outpatient surgical treatment for correcting refractive errors and corneal ectatic diseases. Although ICRS procedures are typically safe and reversible, there is a low but notable risk of microbial infections, which require prompt and sometimes invasive treatment.
UNASSIGNED: Three electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, were utilised to search for literature according to PRISMA guidelines to identify infections related to the implantation of ICRS in the cornea between January 2000 and December 2022.
UNASSIGNED: Gram-positive organisms were involved in 86% of cases: 35.7% S. aureus, 25% coagulase-negative staphylococci species, 17.8% streptococci and 7.1% Nocardia species. Less commonly recorded were Gram-negative bacteria (14%), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (circa 10%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (4%) being the most common Gram-negative bacteria. In rare cases, fungi have also been reported. ICRS-related bacterial infections can be categorised into early or late onset. Early onset infection typically manifests within the first few weeks after implantation and is often associated with contamination during surgery, unhygienic practices, or inadequate sterilisation techniques. On the other hand, late-onset infection may develop months or even years after the initial procedures and may be associated with persistent bacterial colonisation, secondary infections, or prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics. S aureus is encountered in both early and late-onset infections, while Nocardia species and K. pneumoniae have generally been reported to occur in late-onset infections. In addition, vision recovery from S. aureus infections tends to be poor compared to other bacterial infections.
UNASSIGNED: S. aureus is a predominant pathogen that often requires surgical intervention with poor outcomes. Early infections result from incision gaps and ring segment rubbing, while late infections are linked to prolonged antibiotic use. Further research is needed on novel antimicrobial ICRS to procure the vision.
UNASSIGNED: Three electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, were utilised to search for literature according to PRISMA guidelines to identify infections related to the implantation of ICRS in the cornea between January 2000 and December 2022.
UNASSIGNED: Gram-positive organisms were involved in 86% of cases: 35.7% S. aureus, 25% coagulase-negative staphylococci species, 17.8% streptococci and 7.1% Nocardia species. Less commonly recorded were Gram-negative bacteria (14%), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (circa 10%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (4%) being the most common Gram-negative bacteria. In rare cases, fungi have also been reported. ICRS-related bacterial infections can be categorised into early or late onset. Early onset infection typically manifests within the first few weeks after implantation and is often associated with contamination during surgery, unhygienic practices, or inadequate sterilisation techniques. On the other hand, late-onset infection may develop months or even years after the initial procedures and may be associated with persistent bacterial colonisation, secondary infections, or prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics. S aureus is encountered in both early and late-onset infections, while Nocardia species and K. pneumoniae have generally been reported to occur in late-onset infections. In addition, vision recovery from S. aureus infections tends to be poor compared to other bacterial infections.
UNASSIGNED: S. aureus is a predominant pathogen that often requires surgical intervention with poor outcomes. Early infections result from incision gaps and ring segment rubbing, while late infections are linked to prolonged antibiotic use. Further research is needed on novel antimicrobial ICRS to procure the vision.
摘要：
■这项研究检查了与角膜内环段（ICRS）植入相关的感染和耐药性的发生率，矫正屈光不正和角膜扩张疾病的一种常见的门诊手术治疗方法。虽然ICRS程序通常是安全和可逆的，微生物感染的风险低但显著，这需要及时的，有时是侵入性的治疗。
■三个电子数据库，PubMed,WebofScience(WoS),还有Scopus,在2000年1月至2022年12月期间，我们根据PRISMA指南搜索文献，以确定与角膜中植入ICRS相关的感染。
■86％的病例涉及革兰氏阳性微生物：35.7％的金黄色葡萄球菌，25%凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌，17.8%的链球菌和7.1%的诺卡氏菌。较少记录的是革兰氏阴性菌（14%），铜绿假单胞菌（约10％）和肺炎克雷伯菌（4％）是最常见的革兰氏阴性菌。在极少数情况下,真菌也有报道。ICRS相关的细菌感染可分为早期或晚期。早发性感染通常在植入后的最初几周内出现，并且通常与手术过程中的污染有关。不卫生的做法，或灭菌技术不足。另一方面,迟发性感染可能在初始手术后数月甚至数年发展，并且可能与持续的细菌定植有关。继发感染,或长期使用预防性抗生素。金黄色葡萄球菌在早期和晚期感染中都会遇到，而诺卡氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌通常被报道发生在迟发性感染中。此外,与其他细菌感染相比,金黄色葡萄球菌感染的视力恢复往往较差.
■S.金黄色葡萄球菌是一种主要病原体，通常需要手术干预，结果较差。早期感染由切口间隙和环段摩擦引起，而晚期感染与长期使用抗生素有关。需要对新型抗微生物ICRS进行进一步研究以获得愿景。
■三个电子数据库，PubMed,WebofScience(WoS),还有Scopus,在2000年1月至2022年12月期间，我们根据PRISMA指南搜索文献，以确定与角膜中植入ICRS相关的感染。
■86％的病例涉及革兰氏阳性微生物：35.7％的金黄色葡萄球菌，25%凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌，17.8%的链球菌和7.1%的诺卡氏菌。较少记录的是革兰氏阴性菌（14%），铜绿假单胞菌（约10％）和肺炎克雷伯菌（4％）是最常见的革兰氏阴性菌。在极少数情况下,真菌也有报道。ICRS相关的细菌感染可分为早期或晚期。早发性感染通常在植入后的最初几周内出现，并且通常与手术过程中的污染有关。不卫生的做法，或灭菌技术不足。另一方面,迟发性感染可能在初始手术后数月甚至数年发展，并且可能与持续的细菌定植有关。继发感染,或长期使用预防性抗生素。金黄色葡萄球菌在早期和晚期感染中都会遇到，而诺卡氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌通常被报道发生在迟发性感染中。此外,与其他细菌感染相比,金黄色葡萄球菌感染的视力恢复往往较差.
■S.金黄色葡萄球菌是一种主要病原体，通常需要手术干预，结果较差。早期感染由切口间隙和环段摩擦引起，而晚期感染与长期使用抗生素有关。需要对新型抗微生物ICRS进行进一步研究以获得愿景。
