PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Toxicity by pesticide has become a global health issue and leaves a harmful impact on human health via various ways. The people exposed to pesticides in the rural population get affected by the harmful effects of it as they enter the human body system through skin, inhalation, oral administration, food chain and many more ways. The present work is designed to study the toxic effect of endosulfan in male (n=30) and female (n=30) Swiss albino mice. Endosulfan was administered by oral gavage (oral administration) method, at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight daily for period of 3 weeks, 5 weeks and 7 weeks. After the completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and their ovary and testis tissues were dissected out to check the degeneration. The blood was collected for karyotyping, biochemical and hormonal analysis of pesticide induced genotoxicity. After 7 weeks of administration with Endosulfan, various abnormalities were observed in male and female mice.
RESULTS: Treatment with endosulfan at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight caused a higher degree of degeneration in the reproductive organ of Swiss albino mice . Treatment by this pesticide generated degeneration in long duration of dosage for 3,5 and 7 weeks. Ovaries of endosulfan administered groups showed degenerated germinal epithelium, Graffian follicles and corpus luteum. In testis of endosulfan treated mice, microscopic examination showed that there is significant damage and reduction in the tissue of seminiferous tubules and primordial germ cells. High degree of degeneration caused the disarrangement and deformation of spermatogonia with the decrease in the number of Sertoli cells. Biochemical and hormonal properties was also affected by endosulfan treatment. There was significant 5 folds decrease in the testosterone value of endosulfan in 7 weeks treated mice in comparison to control (p < 0.0001) and similarly there was significant elevation in the estrogen levels found in 7th week endosulfan treated mice. It also influenced the level of free radicals as there was significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the value in catalase levels in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female mice, while significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the values of lipid peroxidation levels as 8 folds and 10 folds in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female Swiss albino mice respectively. This study hence speculates that the endosulfan exposed population are at the risk of reproductive health hazards.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study thus concludes that, endosulfan after 7 weeks of exposure caused significant reproductive damage to both male and female Swiss albino mice groups. Moreover, the karyotyping study also correlated the genotoxic damage in the mice.
RESULTS: Treatment with endosulfan at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight caused a higher degree of degeneration in the reproductive organ of Swiss albino mice . Treatment by this pesticide generated degeneration in long duration of dosage for 3,5 and 7 weeks. Ovaries of endosulfan administered groups showed degenerated germinal epithelium, Graffian follicles and corpus luteum. In testis of endosulfan treated mice, microscopic examination showed that there is significant damage and reduction in the tissue of seminiferous tubules and primordial germ cells. High degree of degeneration caused the disarrangement and deformation of spermatogonia with the decrease in the number of Sertoli cells. Biochemical and hormonal properties was also affected by endosulfan treatment. There was significant 5 folds decrease in the testosterone value of endosulfan in 7 weeks treated mice in comparison to control (p < 0.0001) and similarly there was significant elevation in the estrogen levels found in 7th week endosulfan treated mice. It also influenced the level of free radicals as there was significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the value in catalase levels in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female mice, while significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the values of lipid peroxidation levels as 8 folds and 10 folds in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female Swiss albino mice respectively. This study hence speculates that the endosulfan exposed population are at the risk of reproductive health hazards.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study thus concludes that, endosulfan after 7 weeks of exposure caused significant reproductive damage to both male and female Swiss albino mice groups. Moreover, the karyotyping study also correlated the genotoxic damage in the mice.
摘要：
背景：农药的毒性已成为全球健康问题，并通过各种方式对人类健康造成有害影响。农村人口中接触农药的人通过皮肤进入人体系统时，会受到农药的有害影响，吸入,口服给药,食物链和更多的方式。本工作旨在研究硫丹对雄性（n=30）和雌性（n=30）瑞士白化病小鼠的毒性作用。硫丹采用口服灌胃(口服)方法,以每天3.5mg/Kg体重的剂量持续3周，5周和7周。治疗完成后，处死小鼠，解剖其卵巢和睾丸组织以检查其变性。收集血液进行核型分析,农药诱导的遗传毒性的生化和激素分析。硫丹给药7周后，在雄性和雌性小鼠中观察到各种异常。
结果：以3.5mg/Kg体重的剂量使用硫丹治疗会导致瑞士白化病小鼠生殖器官的变性程度更高。这种农药的治疗在3,5和7周的长期剂量中产生变性。硫丹给药组的卵巢显示退化的生发上皮，格拉夫卵泡和黄体。在硫丹治疗小鼠的睾丸中，显微镜检查表明，生精管和原始生殖细胞的组织有明显的损伤和减少。随着支持细胞数量的减少，高度变性引起精原细胞的排列和变形。生化和激素特性也受到硫丹处理的影响。与对照组相比，硫丹治疗7周的小鼠的睾酮值显着下降了5倍（p<0.0001），同样，硫丹治疗7周的小鼠的雌激素水平显着升高。它还影响了自由基的水平，因为在硫丹治疗7周的雄性和雌性小鼠中，过氧化氢酶水平的值显著降低(p<0.0001)，而在经硫丹治疗7周的雄性和雌性瑞士白化病小鼠中，脂质过氧化水平的值分别显着（p<0.0001）增加了8倍和10倍。因此，这项研究推测硫丹暴露人群面临生殖健康危害的风险。
结论：本研究因此得出结论，硫丹暴露7周后，对雄性和雌性瑞士白化小鼠组造成了严重的生殖损害。此外，核型分析研究还与小鼠的遗传毒性损伤相关。
结果：以3.5mg/Kg体重的剂量使用硫丹治疗会导致瑞士白化病小鼠生殖器官的变性程度更高。这种农药的治疗在3,5和7周的长期剂量中产生变性。硫丹给药组的卵巢显示退化的生发上皮，格拉夫卵泡和黄体。在硫丹治疗小鼠的睾丸中，显微镜检查表明，生精管和原始生殖细胞的组织有明显的损伤和减少。随着支持细胞数量的减少，高度变性引起精原细胞的排列和变形。生化和激素特性也受到硫丹处理的影响。与对照组相比，硫丹治疗7周的小鼠的睾酮值显着下降了5倍（p<0.0001），同样，硫丹治疗7周的小鼠的雌激素水平显着升高。它还影响了自由基的水平，因为在硫丹治疗7周的雄性和雌性小鼠中，过氧化氢酶水平的值显著降低(p<0.0001)，而在经硫丹治疗7周的雄性和雌性瑞士白化病小鼠中，脂质过氧化水平的值分别显着（p<0.0001）增加了8倍和10倍。因此，这项研究推测硫丹暴露人群面临生殖健康危害的风险。
结论：本研究因此得出结论，硫丹暴露7周后，对雄性和雌性瑞士白化小鼠组造成了严重的生殖损害。此外，核型分析研究还与小鼠的遗传毒性损伤相关。
