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Abstract：
Purpose: Advancements in retinal imaging have augmented our understanding of the pathology and structure-function relationships of retinal disease. No single diagnostic test is sufficient; rather, diagnostic and management strategies increasingly involve the synthesis of multiple imaging modalities. Methods: This literature review and editorial offer practical clinical guidelines for how the retina specialist can use multimodal imaging to manage retinal conditions. Results: Various imaging modalities offer information on different aspects of retinal structure and function. For example, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography can provide insights into the microstructural anatomy; fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT angiography (OCTA) can reveal vascular integrity and perfusion status; and near-infrared reflectance and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can characterize molecular components within tissues. Managing retinal vascular diseases often includes fundus photography, OCT, OCTA, and FA to evaluate for macular edema, retinal ischemia, and the secondary complications of neovascularization (NV). OCT and FAF play a key role in diagnosing and treating maculopathies. FA, OCTA, and ICGA can help identify macular NV, posterior uveitis, and choroidal venous insufficiency, which guides treatment strategies. Finally, OCT and B-scan ultrasonography can help with preoperative planning and prognostication in vitreoretinal surgical conditions. Conclusions: Today, the retina specialist has access to numerous retinal imaging modalities that can augment the clinical examination to help diagnose and manage retinal conditions. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of each modality is critical to maximizing its clinical utility.
摘要：
目的：视网膜成像的进步增强了我们对视网膜疾病的病理学和结构-功能关系的理解。没有单一的诊断测试是足够的；相反，诊断和管理策略越来越多地涉及多种成像方式的综合。方法：这篇文献回顾和社论为视网膜专家如何使用多模态成像来管理视网膜疾病提供了实用的临床指南。结果：各种成像方式可提供有关视网膜结构和功能的不同方面的信息。例如,光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和B超检查可以提供对微结构解剖的见解；荧光素血管造影（FA），吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA),OCT血管造影(OCTA)可以揭示血管的完整性和灌注状态;近红外反射和眼底自发荧光(FAF)可以表征组织内的分子成分。管理视网膜血管疾病通常包括眼底摄影，OCT,OCTA,和FA来评估黄斑水肿，视网膜缺血,和新血管形成（NV）的继发性并发症。OCT和FAF在诊断和治疗黄斑病变中起关键作用。FA,OCTA,ICGA可以帮助识别黄斑NV，后葡萄膜炎,脉络膜静脉功能不全,指导治疗策略。最后,OCT和B超检查可以帮助玻璃体视网膜手术条件下的术前计划和预后。结论：今天，视网膜专家可以使用多种视网膜成像方式，这些方式可以增强临床检查，以帮助诊断和管理视网膜疾病。了解每种模式的功能和局限性对于最大限度地提高其临床效用至关重要。
