PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Nitrogen pollution resulting from excessive feed consumption poses a significant challenge for modern swine production. Precision nutrition technology seems to be an effective way to solve this problem; therefore, understanding the law of pig body composition deposition is a prerequisite. This study investigated the sex effects on growth performance, body composition, nutrient deposition, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in weaned piglets. Eighty weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 2 treatments according to the sex of pigs. An individual pig was considered as a treatment replicate. Six body weights (BW 5, 7, 11, 15, 20, and 25 kg) were chosen as experimental points; for each point 10 piglets close to the average BW (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered, and there was one growth phase between each 2 BW points. Results indicated that the males had higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to the females (P < 0.05) at growth phases 15 to 20 kg BW and 20 to 25 kg BW. Meanwhile, males at 20 kg BW had higher body fat content than females (P < 0.10). Males showed a higher body fat (P < 0.05) deposition rate at phase 15 to 20 kg BW (P < 0.05) than females. For pigs at 20 kg BW, the relative abundance of RuminococcaceaeUCG-005, Clostridium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Peptostreptococcaceae was significantly increased in males (P < 0.05) but that of Bifidobacterium was decreased (P < 0.05). At 25 kg BW, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Fibrobacter, RuminococcaceaeUCG-009, Ralstonia, Klebsiel, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in males was higher when compared with females (P < 0.05). In terms of SCFA, females exhibited higher concentrations of propionate compared to males (P < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that sex influenced fat deposition through changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the content of SCFA, which has significant implications for the realization of precision nutrition in modern swine production.
摘要：
过量饲料消耗导致的氮污染对现代养猪生产构成了重大挑战。精准营养技术似乎是解决这一问题的有效途径;因此,了解猪体成分沉积规律是前提。这项研究调查了性别对生长性能的影响，身体成分,养分沉积,肠道菌群，断奶仔猪的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。根据猪的性别，将80只断奶猪随机分为2种治疗方法。个体猪被认为是处理的复制品。选择六个体重（BW5、7、11、15、20和25kg）作为实验点；对于每个点，屠宰10只接近平均BW的仔猪（5只雄性和5只雌性），每2个BW点之间有一个生长阶段。结果表明，在15至20kgBW和20至25kgBW的生长期，雄性的平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）高于雌性（P<0.05）。同时,体重为20kg体重的男性体内脂肪含量高于女性（P<0.10）。男性在15至20kgBW阶段（P<0.05）的体内脂肪沉积率高于女性（P<0.05）。对于体重为20公斤的猪，RuminoccaceaeUCG-005，梭菌的相对丰度，Christensenellaceae_R-7_组，在男性中，肽链球菌科细菌明显增多（P<0.05），而双歧杆菌则减少（P<0.05）。在25kgBW时，Ruminocycaceae_NK4A214_组的相对丰度，纤维杆菌,RuminoccaceaUCG-009,Ralstonia,Klebsiel,与女性相比，男性的ChristensenellaceaeR-7组高于女性（P<0.05）。就SCFA而言,与男性相比，女性表现出更高的丙酸浓度（P<0.05）。目前的研究结果表明，性别通过改变肠道菌群组成和SCFA含量影响脂肪沉积，这对现代养猪生产中实现精准营养具有重要意义。
