Abstract：
Cerebellum is a key-structure for the modulation of motor, cognitive, social and affective functions, contributing to automatic behaviours through interactions with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and spinal cord. The predictive mechanisms used by the cerebellum cover not only sensorimotor functions but also reward-related tasks. Cerebellar circuits appear to encode temporal difference error and reward prediction error. From a chemical standpoint, cerebellar catecholamines modulate the rate of cerebellar-based cognitive learning, and mediate cerebellar contributions during complex behaviours. Reward processing and its associated emotions are tuned by the cerebellum which operates as a controller of adaptive homeostatic processes based on interoceptive and exteroceptive inputs. Lobules VI-VII/areas of the vermis are candidate regions for the cortico-subcortical signaling pathways associated with loss aversion and reward sensitivity, together with other nodes of the limbic circuitry. There is growing evidence that the cerebellum works as a hub of regional dysconnectivity across all mood states and that mental disorders involve the cerebellar circuitry, including mood and addiction disorders, and impaired eating behaviors where the cerebellum might be involved in longer time scales of prediction as compared to motor operations. Cerebellar patients exhibit aberrant social behaviour, showing aberrant impulsivity/compulsivity. The cerebellum is a master-piece of reward mechanisms, together with the striatum, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Critically, studies on reward processing reinforce our view that a fundamental role of the cerebellum is to construct internal models, perform predictions on the impact of future behaviour and compare what is predicted and what actually occurs.
摘要：
小脑是调节电机的关键结构，认知，社会和情感功能，通过与大脑皮层的相互作用促进自动行为，基底神经节和脊髓。小脑使用的预测机制不仅涵盖感觉运动功能，还涵盖与奖励相关的任务。小脑回路似乎编码了时间差异误差和奖励预测误差。从化学的角度来看，小脑儿茶酚胺调节小脑认知学习的速率，在复杂的行为中调节小脑的贡献。奖励处理及其相关的情绪由小脑调节，小脑作为基于感知性和外感知性输入的自适应稳态过程的控制器。小珠VI-VII/疣区是与损失厌恶和奖励敏感性相关的皮质-皮质下信号通路的候选区域。与边缘电路的其他节点一起。越来越多的证据表明，小脑是所有情绪状态下区域连接不良的枢纽，精神障碍涉及小脑电路，包括情绪和成瘾障碍，与运动操作相比，小脑可能参与更长的预测时间尺度的进食行为受损。小脑患者表现出异常的社会行为，表现出异常的冲动/强迫性。小脑是奖励机制的主要部分，和纹状体一起，腹侧被盖区（VTA）和前额叶皮质（PFC）。严重的,关于奖励处理的研究强化了我们的观点，即小脑的基本作用是构建内部模型，对未来行为的影响进行预测，并比较预测和实际发生的情况。
