Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Antegrade sclerotherapy (Tauber\'s) procedure has been extensively used for the minimally-invasive treatment of varicocele; however, the results in the pediatric population are less defined. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of antegrade sclerotherapy for varicocele in the pediatric population.
UNASSIGNED: The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Systematic research of available literature in English language from 1980 until May 2022 was conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and NIH Registry of Clinical Trials. For each study, information was gathered regarding the study design, the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the indications for treatment, the success rate and the complications. When available, the details about sperm analysis were reported.
UNASSIGNED: The 10 studies were included in the final sample (564 patients). Median age of patients ranged 13.3-15.3 years. The indications for scleroembolization varied in the different studies, while most studies included patients with clinical G2-G3 varicocele and clinical symptoms or testicular asymmetry. The treatment was successful in 88%-98% of the patients, while the complication rate was <5%.
UNASSIGNED: Tauber\'s sclerotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for varicocele also in the pediatric population. Further studies with standardized inclusion criteria are needed to provide higher level of evidence and compare the outcomes of antegrade sclerotherapy with the other available techniques.
UNASSIGNED: The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Systematic research of available literature in English language from 1980 until May 2022 was conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and NIH Registry of Clinical Trials. For each study, information was gathered regarding the study design, the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the indications for treatment, the success rate and the complications. When available, the details about sperm analysis were reported.
UNASSIGNED: The 10 studies were included in the final sample (564 patients). Median age of patients ranged 13.3-15.3 years. The indications for scleroembolization varied in the different studies, while most studies included patients with clinical G2-G3 varicocele and clinical symptoms or testicular asymmetry. The treatment was successful in 88%-98% of the patients, while the complication rate was <5%.
UNASSIGNED: Tauber\'s sclerotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for varicocele also in the pediatric population. Further studies with standardized inclusion criteria are needed to provide higher level of evidence and compare the outcomes of antegrade sclerotherapy with the other available techniques.
摘要：
■顺行硬化疗法（Tauber's）已广泛用于精索静脉曲张的微创治疗；然而，儿科人群的结果定义较少.本系统评价顺行硬化治疗小儿精索静脉曲张的疗效和安全性。
■审查是按照PRISMA指南进行的。通过EMBASE对1980年至2022年5月的英语可用文献进行了系统研究，MEDLINE,科克伦图书馆,和NIH临床试验注册中心。对于每一项研究，收集了有关研究设计的信息，纳入/排除标准，治疗的适应症，成功率和并发症。如果可用,报告了精子分析的细节。
■最终样本中包括了10项研究（564名患者）。患者的中位年龄为13.3-15.3岁。在不同的研究中，硬化栓塞的适应症各不相同，而大多数研究包括临床G2-G3精索静脉曲张和临床症状或睾丸不对称的患者。88％-98％的患者治疗成功，而并发症发生率<5%。
■Tauber的硬化疗法在儿科人群中也是一种安全有效的精索静脉曲张治疗方法。需要采用标准化纳入标准的进一步研究，以提供更高水平的证据，并将顺行硬化治疗的结果与其他可用技术进行比较。
■审查是按照PRISMA指南进行的。通过EMBASE对1980年至2022年5月的英语可用文献进行了系统研究，MEDLINE,科克伦图书馆,和NIH临床试验注册中心。对于每一项研究，收集了有关研究设计的信息，纳入/排除标准，治疗的适应症，成功率和并发症。如果可用,报告了精子分析的细节。
■最终样本中包括了10项研究（564名患者）。患者的中位年龄为13.3-15.3岁。在不同的研究中，硬化栓塞的适应症各不相同，而大多数研究包括临床G2-G3精索静脉曲张和临床症状或睾丸不对称的患者。88％-98％的患者治疗成功，而并发症发生率<5%。
■Tauber的硬化疗法在儿科人群中也是一种安全有效的精索静脉曲张治疗方法。需要采用标准化纳入标准的进一步研究，以提供更高水平的证据，并将顺行硬化治疗的结果与其他可用技术进行比较。
