Abstract：
The literature provides an incomplete picture of gender dynamics in later-life domestic work. This couple-level study examines the division of female-typed, gender-neutral, and male-typed housework among middle-aged and older Chinese couples, comparing working and non-working couples. It also explores the different relationships between education, income, and the division of housework in these two groups of couples. The findings derived from national time-use data reveal that, first, non-working couples exhibit a smaller gender gap in household labor compared to working couples, primarily because wives take on more gender-neutral tasks, while husbands assume more female-typed tasks. Second, female-typed housework exhibits the largest gender disparity, followed by gender-neutral housework. Third, educational and economic resources play distinct roles in shaping the division of household chores in the two groups. Furthermore, the time spent on paid work is a more significant factor in explaining gender differences in housework among working couples than education and income.
摘要：
文献提供了后期家庭工作中性别动态的不完整描述。这项夫妻级别的研究考察了女性类型的划分，性别中立,以及中国中老年夫妇的男性家务，比较工作和不工作的夫妇。它还探讨了教育之间的不同关系，收入,以及这两组夫妇的家务分工。从国家时间使用数据得出的结果表明，首先,与工作夫妇相比，非工作夫妇在家庭劳动中表现出更小的性别差距，主要是因为妻子承担更多性别中立的任务，而丈夫承担更多女性类型的任务。第二,女性型家务表现出最大的性别差异，其次是性别中立的家务劳动。第三，教育和经济资源在决定两组家务分工方面发挥着不同的作用。此外，与教育和收入相比，花在有偿工作上的时间是解释工作夫妇家务中性别差异的更重要因素。
