Abstract：
The genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878, is commonly found throughout the Mediterranean region. The genus displays considerable levels of endemism, accompanied by notable systematic and taxonomic ambiguity. However, the application of molecular data has proven highly effective in clarifying taxonomy and unveiling the diversity of cryptic species within the genus. Therefore, we employed all cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data available and generated new ones from Greece to infer the phylogeny of the genus throughout its Mediterranean range and estimate the divergence times as well as the ancestral area of diversification. Our phylogenetic and time-estimate analyses demonstrate that with 36 to 38 extant Pseudamnicola species and genetic divergences across species ranging from 0.5% to 11.9% on average, the genus underwent relatively recent diversification during late Miocene (6.53 Ma), and the primary speciation events occurred during Plio-Pleistocene. The Italian Peninsula and Islands and the Ionian Drainages as defined by the Freshwater Ecoregions of the World are the ancestral regions of the genus following two different dispersal routes. Our study contributes to deepening our understanding of Pseudamnicola phylogeny by using data from throughout its range for the first time. This phylogeny provides evidence and confirms previous studies that relatively recent habitat isolation, followed by founder and dispersal events, has been one of the primary reasons for the evolution of the genus Pseudamnicola in the Mediterranean basin.
摘要：
PseudamnicolaPaulucci属，1878年，常见于整个地中海地区。该属表现出相当高的地方性，伴随着显著的系统性和分类学模糊性。然而,事实证明，分子数据的应用在阐明分类学和揭示属内隐蔽物种的多样性方面非常有效。因此,我们采用了所有可用的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I序列数据，并从希腊产生了新的序列数据，以推断该属在整个地中海范围内的系统发育，并估计了分歧时间以及多样化的祖先区域。我们的系统发育和时间估计分析表明，有36至38种现存的假单胞菌物种，物种间的遗传差异平均为0.5％至11.9％，该属在新世晚期（6.53Ma）经历了相对较新的多样化，原始物种形成事件发生在上新世。根据世界淡水生态区的定义，意大利半岛和岛屿以及爱奥尼亚流域是该属的祖先地区，遵循两种不同的扩散路线。我们的研究有助于通过首次使用整个范围的数据来加深我们对Pseudamnicola系统发育的理解。这种系统发育提供了证据并证实了先前的研究，即相对较新的栖息地隔离，其次是创始人和分散事件，一直是地中海盆地Pseudamnicola属进化的主要原因之一。
