METHODS: To test this hypothesis, 211 youths (aged ∼13.0 years, 48% boys, 62% identifying as White, 75% with a psychiatric disorder diagnosis) performed a task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Initially, rewards depended on performance (unbiased condition); but later, rewards were randomly withheld under the pretense that youths did not perform adequately (negatively biased condition), a manipulation that elicits frustration, sadness, and a broad response in neural networks. We investigated associations between the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), which quantifies access to youth-relevant neighborhood features in 1 metric, and the multimodal response to the negatively biased condition, controlling for age, sex, medication, and psychopathology.
RESULTS: Youths from less-resourced neighborhoods responded with less anger (p < .001, marginal R2 = 0.42) and more sadness (p < .001, marginal R2 = 0.46) to the negatively biased condition than youths from well-resourced neighborhoods. On the neurobiological level, lower COI scores were associated with a more localized processing mode (p = .039, marginal R2 = 0.076), reduced connectivity between the somatic-motor-salience and the control network (p = .041, marginal R2 = 0.040), and fewer provincial hubs in the somatic-motor-salience, control, and default mode networks (all pFWE < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study adds to a growing literature documenting how inequity may affect the brain and emotions in youths. Future work should test whether findings generalize to more diverse samples and should explore effects on neurodevelopmental trajectories and emerging mood disorders during adolescence.
UNASSIGNED: One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group.
方法:为了检验这一假设,211青年(
结果:来自资源较少的社区的年轻人比来自资源充足的社区的年轻人对负面偏见的状况做出了更少的愤怒(p<.001,边际R2=.42)和更多的悲伤(p<.001,边际R2=.46)。在神经生物学层面,较低的COI分数与更本地化的处理模式相关(p=.039,边际R2=.076),躯体运动显著性和控制网络之间的连通性降低(p=.041,边际R2=.040),更少的省级躯体运动中心,control,和默认模式网络(所有pFWE<.05)。
结论:本研究增加了越来越多的文献,这些文献记载了不平等如何影响年轻人的大脑和情绪。未来的工作应该测试研究结果是否可以推广到更多不同的样本,并探索对青春期神经发育轨迹和新出现的情绪障碍的影响。