Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to assess whether and to what extent caregiver work strain is ameliorated by the presence of additional family caregivers and formal service use. Building on the stress process model and stress-appraisal moderation, we examine how formal and informal support varies in associations with caregiver distress for men and women.
METHODS: This study utilizes data provided by the National Study of Caregiving, which is linked with care-recipient information from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Using panel methods for the pooled waves, we estimated caregiver outcomes of emotional well-being on the intersection of experiences of work strain and (a) the number of additional caregivers and (b) utilization of 6 different types of formal support.
RESULTS: Additional informal caregivers for each respective care recipient are associated with lower levels of distress, although utilization of formal services (paid help and Medicaid funding) is positively associated with caregiver distress. Informal support can offset the impact of work strain, but interactions are only evident for women caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that informal support, exemplified by the number of additional caregivers, corresponds with reduced emotional distress among employed caregivers and can mitigate the negative impacts of work strain. However, positive associations between formal support and male and female caregiver distress suggest that the context of formal services may offer limited or untimely support. This study is expected to broaden our understanding of informal caregiving in later life and provide practical implications on how to sustain informal care.
METHODS: This study utilizes data provided by the National Study of Caregiving, which is linked with care-recipient information from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Using panel methods for the pooled waves, we estimated caregiver outcomes of emotional well-being on the intersection of experiences of work strain and (a) the number of additional caregivers and (b) utilization of 6 different types of formal support.
RESULTS: Additional informal caregivers for each respective care recipient are associated with lower levels of distress, although utilization of formal services (paid help and Medicaid funding) is positively associated with caregiver distress. Informal support can offset the impact of work strain, but interactions are only evident for women caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that informal support, exemplified by the number of additional caregivers, corresponds with reduced emotional distress among employed caregivers and can mitigate the negative impacts of work strain. However, positive associations between formal support and male and female caregiver distress suggest that the context of formal services may offer limited or untimely support. This study is expected to broaden our understanding of informal caregiving in later life and provide practical implications on how to sustain informal care.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估额外家庭照顾者和正式服务使用是否以及在多大程度上改善了照顾者的工作压力。在压力过程模型和压力评估适度的基础上，我们研究了正式和非正式支持与男性和女性照顾者困扰相关的差异。
方法：本研究利用国家护理研究（NSOC）提供的数据，这与国家健康和老龄化趋势研究（NHATS）的护理接受者信息有关。使用面板方法处理汇聚波，我们根据工作压力和1)额外照顾者的数量和2)利用6种不同类型的正式支持,估计照顾者的情绪健康结局.
结果：每个护理接受者的额外非正式护理者与较低的痛苦水平相关，而使用正式服务（有偿帮助和医疗补助资金）与护理人员的困扰呈正相关。非正式支持可以抵消工作紧张的影响，但只有女性护理人员的互动才是显而易见的。
结论：研究结果表明，非正式支持，以额外护理人员的数量为例，与雇佣护理人员的情绪困扰减少相对应，可以减轻工作压力的负面影响。然而,正式支持与男女照顾者困扰的积极关联表明，正式服务的背景可能提供有限或不及时的支持。这项研究有望扩大我们对以后生活中非正式护理的理解，并为如何维持非正式护理提供实际意义。
方法：本研究利用国家护理研究（NSOC）提供的数据，这与国家健康和老龄化趋势研究（NHATS）的护理接受者信息有关。使用面板方法处理汇聚波，我们根据工作压力和1)额外照顾者的数量和2)利用6种不同类型的正式支持,估计照顾者的情绪健康结局.
结果：每个护理接受者的额外非正式护理者与较低的痛苦水平相关，而使用正式服务（有偿帮助和医疗补助资金）与护理人员的困扰呈正相关。非正式支持可以抵消工作紧张的影响，但只有女性护理人员的互动才是显而易见的。
结论：研究结果表明，非正式支持，以额外护理人员的数量为例，与雇佣护理人员的情绪困扰减少相对应，可以减轻工作压力的负面影响。然而,正式支持与男女照顾者困扰的积极关联表明，正式服务的背景可能提供有限或不及时的支持。这项研究有望扩大我们对以后生活中非正式护理的理解，并为如何维持非正式护理提供实际意义。
