Abstract：
The muscles of mastication derive from a common embryological source, and the presence of accessory muscles in the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is uncommon. Here, we present findings from postmortem dissection of the ITF revealing a unilaterally present muscle extending from the greater wing of the sphenoid to blend inferiorly with the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles before attaching to the lateral pterygoid plate. This muscle is most consistent with the pterygoideus proprius muscle initially described in 1858. Though the exact embryological origin and function of this muscle remain speculative, these topics are nonetheless worth investigating as it may provide insight regarding the ontogeny of muscles descending from the first pharyngeal arch. Additionally, presence of the pterygoideus proprius muscle may have clinical implications and impact surrounding structures such as the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, maxillary artery, pterygoid venous plexus, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
摘要：
咀嚼的肌肉来自一个共同的胚胎来源，颞下窝（ITF）中存在副肌的情况并不常见。这里,我们提供了对ITF进行尸检的发现，发现单侧存在的肌肉从蝶骨的大翼延伸到与翼状肌的内侧和外侧下方融合，然后再附着到翼状肌外侧板。该肌肉与1858年最初描述的翼状肌最一致。尽管这种肌肉的确切胚胎学起源和功能仍然是推测性的，这些主题仍然值得研究，因为它可以提供有关从第一咽弓下降的肌肉的个体发育的见解。此外,翼状肌的存在可能具有临床意义，并影响周围的结构，如三叉神经的下颌分裂，上颌动脉,翼状体静脉丛,咀嚼肌,和颞下颌关节（TMJ）。
