PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The implementation of quarantine measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges linked to adverse psychological effects, notably affecting individuals\' eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the eating patterns of individuals during lockdowns compared across sex, age, and income levels, and examine the influence of positive and negative emotions, as well as loneliness, on these patterns.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 450 participants (aged 18-74 years old). One questionnaire about demographics, the Demographic Questionnaire, and three validated self-report scales (Eating Attitudes Test, comprising the Dieting, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control subscales, the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale) were employed. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were collected between April and May 2021, primarily through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The survey questionnaire was shared via these platforms and users could answer if they wanted. Also, they were asked to send the questionnaire to their close contacts. Additionally, the survey questionnaire was distributed face-to-face to 80 participants. The statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses.
RESULTS: Abnormal eating patterns (e.g. eating behaviors that tend to have signs of diet such as constant avoidance of fattening foods, the individual\'s involvement with becoming leaner, extreme control or preoccupation with food, overeating and purging methods) were identified in 25% of the 450 participants participated in this survey, aged 18-74 years. Moderate levels of negative/positive emotions and loneliness were predominantly reported. Female sex was significantly associated with abnormal eating patterns (p=0.010), particularly dietary behaviors (p=0.029). Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) emerged as predictive factors for overall eating patterns and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions exhibited a direct correlation with eating patterns, while loneliness played a significant mediating role (p=0.032). Furthermore, the association between negative emotions and bulimia was partially mediated by loneliness (p=0.018).
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the pivotal roles of negative emotions and loneliness in shaping eating patterns during quarantine. Multilevel public health interventions are needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemics in general. Screening tests for mental health in the school and job environments could highlight the need for shaping interventions, such as counseling, group empowerment, and family support in order to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors and mental health in general.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 450 participants (aged 18-74 years old). One questionnaire about demographics, the Demographic Questionnaire, and three validated self-report scales (Eating Attitudes Test, comprising the Dieting, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control subscales, the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale) were employed. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were collected between April and May 2021, primarily through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The survey questionnaire was shared via these platforms and users could answer if they wanted. Also, they were asked to send the questionnaire to their close contacts. Additionally, the survey questionnaire was distributed face-to-face to 80 participants. The statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses.
RESULTS: Abnormal eating patterns (e.g. eating behaviors that tend to have signs of diet such as constant avoidance of fattening foods, the individual\'s involvement with becoming leaner, extreme control or preoccupation with food, overeating and purging methods) were identified in 25% of the 450 participants participated in this survey, aged 18-74 years. Moderate levels of negative/positive emotions and loneliness were predominantly reported. Female sex was significantly associated with abnormal eating patterns (p=0.010), particularly dietary behaviors (p=0.029). Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) emerged as predictive factors for overall eating patterns and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions exhibited a direct correlation with eating patterns, while loneliness played a significant mediating role (p=0.032). Furthermore, the association between negative emotions and bulimia was partially mediated by loneliness (p=0.018).
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the pivotal roles of negative emotions and loneliness in shaping eating patterns during quarantine. Multilevel public health interventions are needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemics in general. Screening tests for mental health in the school and job environments could highlight the need for shaping interventions, such as counseling, group empowerment, and family support in order to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors and mental health in general.
摘要：
目的：针对COVID-19大流行实施检疫措施带来了与不良心理影响相关的挑战，特别是影响个人的饮食模式。这项研究旨在调查不同性别的禁闭期间个体的饮食模式，年龄,和收入水平，检查积极和消极情绪的影响，除了孤独，在这些模式上。
方法：对450名参与者（年龄18-74岁）进行了一项横断面在线研究。一份关于人口统计的问卷，人口统计问卷,和三个经过验证的自我报告量表(饮食态度测试，包括节食，贪食症,和食物的关注，和口腔控制分量表，修改后的差异情绪量表，和加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表)被采用。使用了方便和雪球采样。这些数据是在2021年4月至5月之间收集的，主要是通过社交媒体平台收集的。比如Facebook,Instagram,和Twitter。调查问卷通过这些平台共享，用户可以根据需要进行回答。此外，他们被要求将问卷发送给他们的密切接触者。此外,调查问卷面对面分发给80名参与者.统计分析包括线性回归和中介分析。
结果：异常的饮食模式（例如，往往有饮食迹象的饮食行为，例如不断避免发胖的食物，个人参与变得更精简，极端控制或专注于食物，在参加这项调查的450名参与者中，有25%的人发现了暴饮暴食和清除方法)，18-74岁。主要报告了中等水平的负面/积极情绪和孤独感。女性与异常饮食模式显著相关（p=0.010），特别是饮食行为（p=0.029）。负面情绪（p=0.032）和孤独感（p=0.001）是整体饮食模式和暴食行为的预测因素。负面情绪与饮食模式直接相关，而孤独感起着显著的中介作用(p=0.032)。此外，负面情绪与贪食症之间的关联部分由孤独感介导(p=0.018).
结论：这项研究强调了负面情绪和孤独感在隔离期间形成饮食模式中的关键作用。需要采取多层次的公共卫生干预措施，以应对检疫和流行病的负面影响。在学校和工作环境中进行心理健康筛查测试可能会强调对制定干预措施的必要性，比如咨询,团体授权，和家庭支持，以减轻COVID-19大流行对总体饮食行为和心理健康的负面影响。
方法：对450名参与者（年龄18-74岁）进行了一项横断面在线研究。一份关于人口统计的问卷，人口统计问卷,和三个经过验证的自我报告量表(饮食态度测试，包括节食，贪食症,和食物的关注，和口腔控制分量表，修改后的差异情绪量表，和加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表)被采用。使用了方便和雪球采样。这些数据是在2021年4月至5月之间收集的，主要是通过社交媒体平台收集的。比如Facebook,Instagram,和Twitter。调查问卷通过这些平台共享，用户可以根据需要进行回答。此外，他们被要求将问卷发送给他们的密切接触者。此外,调查问卷面对面分发给80名参与者.统计分析包括线性回归和中介分析。
结果：异常的饮食模式（例如，往往有饮食迹象的饮食行为，例如不断避免发胖的食物，个人参与变得更精简，极端控制或专注于食物，在参加这项调查的450名参与者中，有25%的人发现了暴饮暴食和清除方法)，18-74岁。主要报告了中等水平的负面/积极情绪和孤独感。女性与异常饮食模式显著相关（p=0.010），特别是饮食行为（p=0.029）。负面情绪（p=0.032）和孤独感（p=0.001）是整体饮食模式和暴食行为的预测因素。负面情绪与饮食模式直接相关，而孤独感起着显著的中介作用(p=0.032)。此外，负面情绪与贪食症之间的关联部分由孤独感介导(p=0.018).
结论：这项研究强调了负面情绪和孤独感在隔离期间形成饮食模式中的关键作用。需要采取多层次的公共卫生干预措施，以应对检疫和流行病的负面影响。在学校和工作环境中进行心理健康筛查测试可能会强调对制定干预措施的必要性，比如咨询,团体授权，和家庭支持，以减轻COVID-19大流行对总体饮食行为和心理健康的负面影响。
