Abstract：
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method\'s sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
摘要：
由于它们的生命周期，病毒可以破坏宿主的新陈代谢，导致疾病。如果我们想破坏它们的生命周期,有必要确定他们的存在。为此,可以使用几种分子生物学和生物分析方法。参考选择是基于电子数据库(2020-2023)进行的。这篇综述集中在高灵敏度和选择性的电化学方法(53%伏安法/安培法，33%阻抗,和12％的其他方法）显示出它们在检测各种病毒方面的巨大潜力。此外，上述电化学方法具有相当大的潜力，适用于护理点使用，因为它们是便携式的，由于其小型化和快速分析（几分钟到几小时），并且相对容易解释。共找到2011年的文章，其中86篇原创论文随后进行了评估(其中大部分集中在人类病原体上，而处理植物病原体的文章则占少数)。评估中包括32种病毒。发现大多数经过检查的研究（77％）使用纳米技术修改。其他进行了免疫学（52％）或遗传分析（43％）的病毒检测。5%的报道使用肽来提高方法的灵敏度。当可以评估时，65%的研究具有ng或nM量级的LOD值。绝大多数（79％）的研究代表了概念和可能性的证明，具有较低的应用潜力，并且需要进一步的研究实验工作。
