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Abstract：
Background and objective This study aims to explore the concept of preemptive analgesia, which is the technique of administration of analgesic agents before the painful stimulus. This bridges the time gap between the onset of action of the analgesic agents and the wear-off of local anesthesia. Existing literature also brings up the concept of central sensitization, which is the hyper-activity of the nervous system in response to a noxious stimulus. Administration of preemptive analgesia prevents central sensitization and hence provides prolonged analgesia to the patient. For the benefit of this study, tab. Etoricoxib 90 mg was used as the analgesic agent. In addition, this study aims to investigate the effects of the administration of tab. Etoricoxib 90 mg 30 minutes before extraction of a single mandibular third molar on the effects of pain experienced by the patient after tooth extraction as compared to a placebo. Methodology This was a double-blinded, prospective, observational study. The pain experienced by 50 participants in each group was measured at 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). The independent samples t-test was then conducted to evaluate the results and draw out conclusions. Results The average difference in pain experienced was maximum in the first hour after the procedure. The mean VAS score reported by patients was 3.14 in the study group but was 6.40 in the control group within the first hour. This difference was reduced in the first six hours after the procedure, with the average score being 3.82 in the study and 7.16 in the control group. The difference was the least after 12 hours, with the study group experiencing a VAS score of 4.64 and controls experiencing a VAS score of 6.14. After the first 24 hours, the mean VAS score was 3.80 in the study group and 5.60 in the control group. Conclusions Preemptive administration of tab. Etoricoxib 90 mg can reduce postextraction pain in healthy adult patients as compared to placebo tablets, with a maximum difference in pain reduction seen at the end of the first six hours (P = 0.012) and the minimum at the end of 12 hours (P = 0.0197).
摘要：
背景与目的本研究旨在探讨超前镇痛的概念,这是一种在疼痛刺激之前给药镇痛剂的技术。这桥接了止痛剂的作用开始和局部麻醉的磨损之间的时间间隔。现有文献还提出了中央敏感化的概念，这是神经系统对有害刺激的反应。先发制人镇痛的给药防止了中枢致敏,因此为患者提供了延长的镇痛。为了这项研究的好处，选项卡。使用依托昔布90mg作为镇痛剂。此外,本研究旨在探讨tab给药的效果。与安慰剂相比，拔除单个下颌第三磨牙前30分钟的依托昔布90mg对患者拔牙后疼痛的影响。方法学这是一个双盲，prospective,观察性研究。在1小时测量每组50名参与者所经历的疼痛，6小时,12小时,术后24小时使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）。然后进行独立样本t检验以评估结果并得出结论。结果在手术后的第一个小时内，疼痛的平均差异最大。在第一个小时内，研究组患者报告的平均VAS评分为3.14，而对照组为6.40。这种差异在手术后的前六个小时内减少了，研究组的平均得分为3.82，对照组为7.16。12小时后差异最小，研究组的VAS评分为4.64，对照组的VAS评分为6.14。第一个24小时后,研究组和对照组的平均VAS评分分别为3.80和5.60.结论标签的抢先管理。与安慰剂片相比，依托昔布90毫克可以减轻健康成年患者的拔牙后疼痛，在前6小时结束时观察到疼痛减轻的最大差异（P=0.012），在12小时结束时观察到最小差异（P=0.0197）。
