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Abstract：
Background and objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vasoproliferative disease affecting premature infants. Despite improvements in neonatal care and management, ROP still remains a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Studying the demographic profile and screening is essential to develop predictive models, to gain insights into the cause of retinal vascular diseases and diseases of prematurity, and to determine the future management and research in ROP. The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of ROP, to identify the risk factors that predispose to ROP, and to assess the outcome of these cases. Hence, this study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. Method A prospective, observational study was conducted from 10 August 2022 to 10 October 2022. Infants with gestational ages < 34 weeks, birth weights < 2000 g, infants who received supplemental oxygen therapy, or patients who required NICU stay were screened for ROP. Demographic details were recorded to assess the risk factors and treatment was given according to the severity of ROP grade. Result A total of 160 eyes of 80 infants were screened and analysed. The overall incidence of \"any ROP\" was 19 patients (38 eyes), i.e., 24%. Out of 80 patients, six were of 28 weeks gestational age, of whom four (67%) were positive for ROP. The mean birth weight of infants with ROP was 1331.58 ± 238.532 g (p < 0.0001). ROP stage 1 was seen in five patients (26.32%), stage 2 in 10 patients (52.63%), and stage 3 in four patients (21.0%), with no subjects in stages 4 & 5. Out of 19 patients, six (32%) had type 1 ROP, and 13 (68%) had type 2 ROP. Out of 19 cases, 13 (68%) received follow-up care based on the severity of their disease, and six (32%) were treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser. Conclusion Incidence of any ROP was 24%. Prematurity, low birth weight, and oxygen therapy remain the most significant risk factors associated with the development of ROP. Early referral, diagnosis, and timely intervention will play a monumental role in improving the prognosis of this potentially blinding disease.
摘要：
背景与目的早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是一种影响早产儿的视网膜血管增生性疾病。尽管新生儿护理和管理有所改善，ROP仍然是全世界儿童失明的主要原因。研究人口统计和筛查对于开发预测模型至关重要，为了深入了解视网膜血管疾病和早产儿疾病的原因，并确定未来ROP的管理和研究。本研究的目的是估计ROP的发生率，为了确定易患ROP的风险因素，并评估这些案件的结果。因此，这项研究是在马哈拉施特拉邦的一家三级保健医院进行的.方法A前瞻性，观察性研究于2022年8月10日至2022年10月10日进行.胎龄<34周的婴儿，出生体重<2000克，接受补充氧气治疗的婴儿，或需要入住NICU的患者进行ROP筛查。记录人口统计学细节以评估危险因素，并根据ROP等级的严重程度给予治疗。结果对80例婴儿的160只眼进行了筛查和分析。“任何ROP”的总发生率为19例（38眼），即，24%。在80名患者中，六个胎龄为28周，其中4人（67%）ROP阳性。ROP婴儿的平均出生体重为1331.58±238.532g（p<0.0001）。ROP1期5例(26.32%),10例患者中的2期（52.63%），和4例患者的3期（21.0%），在阶段4和5没有受试者。在19名患者中，6人（32%）有1型ROP，13例(68%)为2型ROP。在19个案例中，13人（68%）根据疾病的严重程度接受了后续护理，6例（32％）接受全视网膜光凝（PRP）激光治疗。结论任何ROP的发生率为24%。早产,低出生体重,和氧疗仍然是与ROP发展相关的最重要的危险因素。早期转诊,诊断,及时的干预将在改善这种潜在致盲疾病的预后方面发挥重要作用。
