PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Researchers have attempted to generate transfusable oxygen carriers to mitigate RBC supply shortages. In vitro generation of RBCs using stem cells such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shown promise. Specifically, the limited supplies of HSPCs and ethical issues with ESCs make iPSCs the most promising candidate for in vitro RBC generation. However, researchers have encountered some major challenges when using iPSCs to produce transfusable RBC products, such as enucleation and RBC maturation. In addition, it has proven difficult to manufacture these products on a large scale. In this review, we provide a brief overview of erythropoiesis and examine endeavors to recapitulate erythropoiesis in vitro using various cell sources. Furthermore, we explore the current obstacles and potential solutions aimed at enabling the large-scale production of transfusable RBCs in vitro.
摘要：
研究人员试图产生可转移的氧载体以减轻红细胞供应短缺。使用干细胞如造血干细胞和祖细胞（HSPCs）体外产生红细胞，胚胎干细胞（ESC），和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）已显示出希望。具体来说,HSPCs的供应有限和ESCs的伦理问题使iPSCs成为体外RBC产生的最有希望的候选者.然而,研究人员在使用iPSCs生产可转染的RBC产品时遇到了一些重大挑战，如摘除和红细胞成熟。此外,事实证明，很难大规模制造这些产品。在这次审查中,我们提供了红细胞生成的简要概述，并研究了使用各种细胞来源在体外概括红细胞生成的努力。此外，我们探讨了目前的障碍和潜在的解决方案，旨在实现可在体外大规模生产可转染的红细胞。
