PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Pertussis, a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a leading global public health issue. Ethiopia is currently conducting multiple pertussis outbreak investigations, but there is a lack of comprehensive information on attack rate, case fatality rate, and infection predictors. This study aimed to measure attack rates, case fatality rates, and factors associated with pertussis outbreak.
METHODS: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies on pertussis outbreaks in Ethiopia from 2009 to 2023, using observational study designs, using the guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The study utilized databases like Science Direct, MEDLINE/PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and registers. The data were collected using an Excel Spreadsheet and then exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify potential disparities. A random effects model was used to consider heterogeneity among studies. I2-squared test statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The attack rate, case fatality rate, and odds ratio (OR) were presented using forest plots with a 95% confidence interval. Egger\'s and Begg\'s tests were used to evaluate the publication bias.
RESULTS: Seven pertussis outbreak investigations with a total of 2824 cases and 18 deaths were incorporated. The pooled attack and case fatality rates were 10.78 (95% CI: 8.1-13.5) per 1000 population and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.01-1.58%), respectively. The highest and lowest attack rates were in Oromia (5.57 per 1000 population and in the Amhara region (2.61 per 1000 population), respectively. Predictor of pertussis outbreak were being unvaccinated [odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.83-4.27] and contact history [OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.69-5.19].
CONCLUSIONS: Higher and notable variations in attack and case fatality rates were reported. Being unvaccinated and having contact history were the predictors of contracting pertussis disease in Ethiopia. Enhancing routine vaccination and contact tracing efforts should be strengthened.
METHODS: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies on pertussis outbreaks in Ethiopia from 2009 to 2023, using observational study designs, using the guideline Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The study utilized databases like Science Direct, MEDLINE/PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and registers. The data were collected using an Excel Spreadsheet and then exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify potential disparities. A random effects model was used to consider heterogeneity among studies. I2-squared test statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The attack rate, case fatality rate, and odds ratio (OR) were presented using forest plots with a 95% confidence interval. Egger\'s and Begg\'s tests were used to evaluate the publication bias.
RESULTS: Seven pertussis outbreak investigations with a total of 2824 cases and 18 deaths were incorporated. The pooled attack and case fatality rates were 10.78 (95% CI: 8.1-13.5) per 1000 population and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.01-1.58%), respectively. The highest and lowest attack rates were in Oromia (5.57 per 1000 population and in the Amhara region (2.61 per 1000 population), respectively. Predictor of pertussis outbreak were being unvaccinated [odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.83-4.27] and contact history [OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.69-5.19].
CONCLUSIONS: Higher and notable variations in attack and case fatality rates were reported. Being unvaccinated and having contact history were the predictors of contracting pertussis disease in Ethiopia. Enhancing routine vaccination and contact tracing efforts should be strengthened.
摘要：
背景：百日咳，一种高度传染性的，百日咳博德特氏菌引起的疫苗可预防的呼吸道感染，是全球领先的公共卫生问题。埃塞俄比亚目前正在进行多次百日咳疫情调查,但是缺乏关于攻击率的全面信息，病死率,和感染预测因子。这项研究旨在测量攻击率，病死率,以及与百日咳暴发相关的因素。
方法：本研究对2009年至2023年埃塞俄比亚百日咳暴发的已发表和未发表研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，采用观察性研究设计，使用指南首选报告项目进行系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)。这项研究利用了像ScienceDirect这样的数据库，MEDLINE/PubMed,非洲在线期刊，谷歌学者和注册。使用Excel电子表格收集数据，然后导出到STATA版本17进行分析。进行亚组分析以确定潜在的差异。使用随机效应模型来考虑研究之间的异质性。采用I2平方检验统计量评估异质性。攻击率，病死率,和比值比（OR）使用森林地块以95％的置信区间表示。使用Egger和Begg的测试来评估发表偏倚。
结果：纳入7次百日咳暴发调查，共2824例，18例死亡。合并发作和病死率为10.78（95％CI：8.1-13.5）/1000人口和0.8％（95％CI：0.01-1.58％），分别。发病率最高和最低的是奥罗米亚(5.57/1000人口和阿姆哈拉地区(2.61/1000人口)，分别。百日咳爆发的预测因子未接种疫苗[比值比（OR）=3.05，95％CI：1.83-4.27]和接触史[OR=3.44，95％CI：1.69-5.19]。
结论：据报道，发作和病死率的变化较高，且显着。未接种疫苗和有接触史是埃塞俄比亚感染百日咳疾病的预测因素。应加强常规疫苗接种和接触者追踪工作。
方法：本研究对2009年至2023年埃塞俄比亚百日咳暴发的已发表和未发表研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，采用观察性研究设计，使用指南首选报告项目进行系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)。这项研究利用了像ScienceDirect这样的数据库，MEDLINE/PubMed,非洲在线期刊，谷歌学者和注册。使用Excel电子表格收集数据，然后导出到STATA版本17进行分析。进行亚组分析以确定潜在的差异。使用随机效应模型来考虑研究之间的异质性。采用I2平方检验统计量评估异质性。攻击率，病死率,和比值比（OR）使用森林地块以95％的置信区间表示。使用Egger和Begg的测试来评估发表偏倚。
结果：纳入7次百日咳暴发调查，共2824例，18例死亡。合并发作和病死率为10.78（95％CI：8.1-13.5）/1000人口和0.8％（95％CI：0.01-1.58％），分别。发病率最高和最低的是奥罗米亚(5.57/1000人口和阿姆哈拉地区(2.61/1000人口)，分别。百日咳爆发的预测因子未接种疫苗[比值比（OR）=3.05，95％CI：1.83-4.27]和接触史[OR=3.44，95％CI：1.69-5.19]。
结论：据报道，发作和病死率的变化较高，且显着。未接种疫苗和有接触史是埃塞俄比亚感染百日咳疾病的预测因素。应加强常规疫苗接种和接触者追踪工作。
