Abstract：
Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel category of carbon-based nanomaterials characterized by their small size, often less than 10 nm. CDs physical, chemical, and optical properties can be tuned using one-pot assembly. Because of their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, chemical and physical responsiveness, photo- and chemical-bleaching resistance, and low cost, nanoparticles have become incredibly versatile. They find various applications in detecting inorganic substances, bio sensing, visualizing cells, studying biological processes in live cells, and aiding in medication delivery. Additionally, CDs exhibit versatility in electronics and energy storage, making them promising candidates for applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and supercapacitors. CDs are more photo stable for hours than typical fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots. Before applying CDs, they must be characterized. Techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometry, FT-IR, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and NMR are commonly used to assess their photophysical and structural properties. This article review explores the synthesis, characterization applications of CDs in analytical techniques for the determination of various analytes. The article provides a detailed analysis of the different methodologies used to make nanomaterials and devices for the characterization of CDs. It also discusses the challenges that arise when using CDs in analytical techniques for detecting different analytes. The focus of this review is on accurately determining pharmaceutical and biological samples using CDs as sensing probes.
摘要：
碳点（CD）是一类新颖的碳基纳米材料，其特征是尺寸小，通常小于10nm。物理CD,化学,和光学性能可以使用一锅装调。由于它们的无毒性，生物相容性，化学和物理响应，耐光漂白和耐化学漂白，成本低,纳米粒子已经变得非常通用。他们发现在检测无机物质的各种应用，生物传感，可视化细胞，研究活细胞中的生物过程，并协助送药。此外,CD在电子和能量存储方面表现出多功能性，使它们成为太阳能电池应用的有希望的候选者，发光二极管，和超级电容器。CD在数小时内比典型的荧光半导体量子点更稳定。在使用CD之前，他们必须有特点。紫外可见光谱等技术，荧光分光光度法,FT-IR,TEM,XRD,拉曼光谱,和NMR通常用于评估它们的光物理性质和结构性质。本文综述了综合，CD在各种分析物测定分析技术中的表征应用。本文详细分析了用于制造纳米材料和表征CD的器件的不同方法。它还讨论了在用于检测不同分析物的分析技术中使用CD时出现的挑战。这篇综述的重点是使用CD作为传感探针准确测定药物和生物样品。
