Abstract：
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the nutritional partnership between AM fungi and most plant species, is globally ubiquitous and of great ecological and agricultural importance. Studying the processes of AM symbiosis is confounded by its highly spatiotemporally dynamic nature. While microscopy methods exist to probe the spatial side of this plant-fungal interaction, the temporal side remains more challenging, as reliable deep-tissue time-lapse imaging requires both symbiotic partners to remain undisturbed over prolonged time periods. Here, we introduce the AMSlide: a noninvasive, high-resolution, live-imaging system optimised for AM symbiosis research. We demonstrate the AMSlide\'s applications in confocal microscopy of mycorrhizal roots, from whole colonisation zones to subcellular structures, over timeframes from minutes to weeks. The AMSlide\'s versatility for different microscope set-ups, imaging techniques, and plant and fungal species is also outlined. It is hoped that the AMSlide will be applied in future research to fill in the temporal blanks in our understanding of AM symbiosis, as well as broader root and rhizosphere processes.
摘要：
丛枝菌根（AM）共生，AM真菌和大多数植物之间的营养伙伴关系，在全球无处不在，具有巨大的生态和农业重要性。AM共生过程的研究因其高度时空动态的性质而混淆。虽然存在显微镜方法来探测这种植物-真菌相互作用的空间方面，时间方面仍然更具挑战性，因为可靠的深层组织延时成像需要两个共生伙伴在长时间内保持不受干扰。这里,我们介绍AMSlide：一种非侵入性的，高分辨率,为AM共生研究优化的实时成像系统。我们展示了AMSlide在菌根共聚焦显微镜中的应用，从整个定殖区到亚细胞结构，从几分钟到几周的时间范围内。AMSlide的多功能性为不同的显微镜设置，成像技术，植物和真菌物种也概述。希望AMSlide将在未来的研究中应用，以填补我们对AM共生的理解中的时间空白，以及更广泛的根和根际过程。
