Abstract：
Vancomycin fermentation residue (VFR) is a by-product of the pharmaceutical industry with high ecotoxicity caused by the residual antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and heavy metals (HMs). In this study, the detoxification effect of hydrothermal treatment (HT) and pyrolysis for VFR was assessed using chemical analysis and toxicity tests. When VFR was subjected to HT and pyrolysis at ≥400 °C, more than 99.70 % of the residual vancomycin and all ARGs were removed. The HMs contents in VFR followed the order of manganese (676.2 mg/kg) > zinc (148.6 mg/kg) > chromium (25.40 mg/kg) > copper (17.20 mg/kg), and they were highly bioavailable and easily leached. However, HT and pyrolysis (≥400 °C) substantially reduced the bioavailable fractions and leaching properties of the HMs. After HT and pyrolysis at ≥ 400 °C, the potential ecological risk of HMs in VFR was reduced from considerable to moderate/low levels. The elutriate acute toxicity test suggested that HT and pyrolysis at ≥ 400 °C effectively reduced the toxicity of VFR to an acceptable level (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that HT and pyrolysis (≥400 °C) are promising methods for treating VFR and detoxifying it, and the treated products are safe for further reutilization.
摘要：
万古霉素发酵残渣(VFR)是制药工业的副产品,由残留的抗生素引起的高生态毒性,抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），重金属（HMs）。在这项研究中,使用化学分析和毒性测试评估了水热处理（HT）和热解对VFR的解毒效果。当VFR在≥400°C下进行HT和热解时，超过99.70%的残留万古霉素和所有ARGs被去除。VFR中的HMs含量遵循锰（676.2mg/kg）>锌（148.6mg/kg）>铬（25.40mg/kg）>铜（17.20mg/kg）的顺序，它们的生物利用率很高，很容易被浸出。然而,HT和热解（≥400°C）大大降低了HM的生物可利用分数和浸出性能。在HT和热解后，在≥400°C，VFR中HMs的潜在生态风险从相当大的水平降低到中等/低水平。淘析物急性毒性测试表明，HT和≥400°C的热解有效地将VFR的毒性降低到可接受的水平（p<0.05）。这项研究表明，HT和热解（≥400°C）是处理VFR和解毒的有前途的方法，处理后的产品是安全的，可以进一步重复使用。
