PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Affective polarization measures account for partisans\' feelings towards their own party versus its opponent(s), but not for how likely partisans are to encounter co-partisans versus out-partisans. However, the intensity of out-party dislike and the probability with which this comes into play both determine the social impact of cross-party hostility. We develop an affective fractionalization measure that accounts for both factors, and apply it to longitudinal survey data from 20 Western publics. From this perspective, countries with fewer dominant parties may be more harmonious because partisans have lower probabilities of interacting with political opponents. At the party level, partisans of smaller, more radical parties are particularly troubled because they strongly dislike out-partisans and have few co-partisans. Affective fractionalization has increased in most Western publics over time, primarily because of growing party-system fragmentation.
摘要：
情感两极分化措施解释了游击队对自己政党与对手的感情，但不是游击队遇到同党和外党的可能性有多大。然而,党外厌恶的强度和这种可能性都决定了跨党派敌意的社会影响。我们开发了一种考虑这两个因素的情感分割度量，并将其应用于20个西部公众的纵向调查数据。从这个角度来看,占主导地位的政党较少的国家可能会更加和谐，因为游击队与政治对手互动的可能性较低。在党的层面,较小的游击队，更激进的政党尤其麻烦，因为他们强烈不喜欢党派外派，也很少有同党。随着时间的推移，大多数西方公众的情感分割增加了，主要是因为政党制度日益分裂。
